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1.
Oral Dis ; 2024 Feb 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38316639

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of magnifying the damage caused by obesity induced by monosodium glutamate, using a model of maternal periodontitis, on the structure of the anterior tibialis muscle of the offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: control (n = 6), obese (n = 6), control with periodontitis (n = 6) and obese with periodontitis (n = 6). At 78 days of life, the rats were mated with males without any experimental intervention. The offspring of these rats (n = 1/L), at 120 days of life, were weighed and measured, then euthanized. Plasma was collected for analysis of cytokines IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α. Adipose tissues were collected and weighed, and the anterior tibial muscle was designated for histomorphological analyses (n = 6/group). RESULTS: Monosodium glutamate offspring showed significant muscle changes, such as a reduction in the size of fibres and neuromuscular junctions, and an increase in the nucleus and capillaries. However, all these changes were more expressed in monosodium glutamate-obese with periodontitis offspring. CONCLUSION: This leads us to suggest a magnifying effect promoted by periodontitis to the damage already well described by monosodium glutamate-obesity, determined by low-intensity inflammation, causing greater muscle damage.

2.
Biogerontology ; 2023 Dec 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38064115

RESUMO

Here we investigate metabolic changes, the antioxidant system and the accumulation of oxidative damage in muscles with different fiber types during the aging process in Wistar rats and try to map how sooner the changes occur. To do so, 30 male Wistar rats were submitted to behavioral evaluation to determine voluntary strength in the 11, 15, and 19 month old rats, measuring the energy metabolism, antioxidant system, oxidative damage and structure in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles. We detected structural and metabolic changes in both muscles, especially in the EDL of 15 month old rats and in the soleus of 19 month old rats. In the 15 month old rats, there was a reduction in the cross-sectional area of the fibers, and a reduction in the proportion of type I fibers, accompanied by an increase in fiber density and the amount of type IIA fibers. This change in the fiber profile was followed by an increase in the activity of anaerobic metabolism enzymes, suggesting a reduction in the oxidative capacity of the muscle. In addition, there was an increase in the rate of lipid peroxidation, accompanied by a reduced antioxidant capacity. In the 19 month old rats, these disturbances got stronger. In summary, the present study demonstrated that before functional disturbances, there was an accumulation of oxidative damage and structural changes in the skeletal muscle beginning at 15 months old in the EDL and the soleus only in the biochemical parameters. Therefore, the metabolic alterations occurred at 15 months old and not before.

3.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 12(7)2023 Jun 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37507883

RESUMO

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive, common brain cancer known to disrupt redox biology, affecting behavior and DNA integrity. Past research remains inconclusive. To further understand this, an investigation was conducted on physical training's effects on behavior, redox balance, and genomic stability in GBMA models. Forty-seven male C57BL/6J mice, 60 days old, were divided into GBM and sham groups (n = 15, n = 10, respectively), which were further subdivided into trained (Str, Gtr; n = 10, n = 12) and untrained (Sut, Gut; n = 10, n = 15) subsets. The trained mice performed moderate aerobic exercises on a treadmill five to six times a week for a month while untrained mice remained in their enclosures. Behavior was evaluated using open-field and rotarod tests. Post training, the mice were euthanized and brain, liver, bone marrow, and blood samples were analyzed for redox and genomic instability markers. The results indicated increased latency values in the trained GBM (Gtr) group, suggesting a beneficial impact of exercise. Elevated reactive oxygen species in the parietal tissue of untrained GBM mice (Gut) were reduced post training. Moreover, Gtr mice exhibited lower tail intensity, indicating less genomic instability. Thus, exercise could serve as a promising supplemental GBM treatment, modulating redox parameters and reducing genomic instability.

4.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(5)2023 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36902158

RESUMO

The model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate cytotoxicity on the hypothalamic nuclei is widely used in the literature. However, MSG promotes persistent muscle changes and there is a significant lack of studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms by which damage refractory to reversal is established. This study aimed to investigate the early and chronic effects of MSG induction of obesity upon systemic and muscular parameters of Wistar rats. The animals were exposed to MSG subcutaneously (4 mg·g-1 b.w.) or saline (1.25 mg·g-1 b.w.) daily from PND01 to PND05 (n = 24). Afterwards, in PND15, 12 animals were euthanized to determine the plasma and inflammatory profile and to assess muscle damage. In PND142, the remaining animals were euthanized, and samples for histological and biochemical analyses were obtained. Our results suggest that early exposure to MSG reduced growth, increased adiposity, and inducted hyperinsulinemia and a pro-inflammatory scenario. In adulthood, the following were observed: peripheral insulin resistance, increased fibrosis, oxidative distress, and a reduction in muscle mass, oxidative capacity, and neuromuscular junctions, increased fibrosis, and oxidative distress. Thus, we can conclude that the condition found in adult life and the difficulty restoring in the muscle profile is related to the metabolic damage established early on.


Assuntos
Obesidade , Glutamato de Sódio , Ratos , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Glutamato de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Músculos/metabolismo , Fibrose
5.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 194(8): 3594-3608, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35460454

RESUMO

The negative changes of obesity to the locomotor system are a major concern in the current scenario, where obesity and metabolic syndrome are recurrent in Western societies. A physical exercise is an important tool as a way to rehabilitate obesity, highlighting whole-body vibration, as it is an easy-access modality with few restrictions. In this sense, we sought to evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration on the extensor digitorum longus muscle on a monosodium glutamate-induced obesity model. The main findings of the present study are related to the ability of the treatment with vibration to reduce the obesogenic characteristics and slow down the dyslipidemic condition of the animals. Likewise, the vibration promoted by the vibrating platform was essential in the recovery of the muscle structure, as well as the recovery of the muscle's oxidative capacity, initially compromised by obesity.


Assuntos
Glutamato de Sódio , Vibração , Animais , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Obesidade/induzido quimicamente , Obesidade/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Glutamato de Sódio/metabolismo , Glutamato de Sódio/toxicidade
6.
Acta Histochem ; 124(4): 151892, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35421662

RESUMO

Skeletal muscle histopathological changes induced or caused by pathologies in animal models, can impair functionality, being the main focus of therapeutic studies. This study aimed to propose a histopathological index to assess, in a quantitative manner, skeletal muscle changes induced by experimental protocols for Rodentia's models. For the development, evaluation of fit and parsimony, replicability, and sensitivity index, Wistar rats from experiments with the same experimental design, but with different variation factors, were used to achieve different levels of damage. The anterior tibial muscle of these animals was collected, processed histologically, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The adjustment and parsimony of the index were availed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, reproducibility for evaluation of three people trained through the Intra-Class Correlation, and the discrimination capacity through a one-way ANOVA Test. We pointed out the adjustment for the proposed index while the ICC showed high reproducibility (n = 56; k = 3; ICC = 0.9790) and differences in the extent of damage between groups, following the hierarchical association promoted by experimental model stresses. The results show that the proposed index has a good fit and parsimony (χ2 = 426.34; p < 0.0001), in addition to being easily replicable by other researchers who know the morphology of muscle tissue and its morphological changes. It is worth mentioning that the development of tools that facilitate histopathological analysis, and that can quantitatively express the findings, are of great importance for the studies of regenerative science, reinforcing the relevance of this study.


Assuntos
Muridae , Músculo Esquelético , Animais , Hematoxilina , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
7.
Neurosci Lett ; 772: 136477, 2022 02 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35090949

RESUMO

Treating depression associated with type-1 diabetesmellitus(T1DM) is a major clinical challenge. Fish oil (FO), composed mostly of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has been pointed out as quite promising for the treatment of depression given its neuroprotective property. Although DHA and EPA exert several physiological actions, DHA is known to play a critical role in postnatal brain development. This study aimed to investigate the effect of preventive treatment with FO (with more DHA in the composition) alone or associated with antidepressant drugs on depression-like behaviors and brain monoamines levels of juvenile induced-T1DM rats. Thus, prepubescent rats were submitted to a prolonged treatment with vehicle (VEH) or FO (50% of DHA and 20% EPA) starting 4 weeks before the induction of experimental T1DM (on day 28) by streptozotocin. When combined, the treatment with vehicle, fluoxetine (FLX, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) or imipramine (IMI, a tricyclic antidepressant) started at week 6 (day 42) and lasted for 2 weeks (until day 56). The behavioral tests were conducted on days 55 and 56, followed by hippocampal and prefrontal cortex dissection for neurochemical analyses. Our results showed that induced-T1DM rats pretreated with FO showed a significant increase of EPA and DHA in plasma, indicative of an increase in the systemic availability of these acids. As previously observed, induced-T1DM rats presented increased immobility and decreased swimming and climbing frequencies in the modified forced swimming test, indicative of depressive-like behavior. Only the combined treatment - FO plus antidepressants (FLX or IMI - both in the highest dose) - was able to induce a significant improvement of depressive-like behaviors. Here, it is noteworthy that swimming behavior has been associated with an increase in serotonergic neurotransmission. Interestingly, our data showed that the combined treatment (FO + antidepressants - including the ineffective dose of FLX) was able to increase the swimming of animals more significantly compared to animals not pretreated with FO. In addition, confirming these assumptions, the decreased 5-HT levels in the hippocampus from induced-T1DM rats were increased after treatment with FLX (highest dose) or IMI (both doses), being this increase more pronounced in animal pretreated with FO. Intriguingly, in these animals pretreated with FO, the ineffective dose of FLX in association with FO was able to increase the levels of 5-HT. The decreased hippocampal levels of noradrenaline were increased only after IMI treatment, not being influenced by FO pretreatment. In conclusion, ours results pointed out that the choice of the DHA/EPA ratio may be an important factor to be considered for the FO antidepressant-like effectper se,but the FO treatment in this composition associated with the antidepressant drugs - especially that ones that increase preferentially the availability of 5-HT -, may represent a better alternative of treatment to individuals with T1DM-associated depression.


Assuntos
Depressão/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/prevenção & controle , Óleos de Peixe/uso terapêutico , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Serotonina/metabolismo , Animais , Depressão/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/psicologia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/farmacologia
8.
J Am Nutr Assoc ; 41(5): 453-461, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34156913

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Dietary supplementation with fish oil is promising as a complementary therapy for inflammatory pain. However, further studies are needed to support its therapeutic potential. For example, the antinociceptive effect of fish oil is widely suggested to be dependent on decreased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, but no previous study has investigated if it affects PGE2-induced nociceptive response. Similarly, beneficial long-term effects on inflammatory response are related to early exposure to fish oil, however, whether these effects include decreased inflammatory pain throughout life is not known. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term effects of fish oil on inflammatory pain. METHODS: Dietary fish oil supplementation was performed through two protocols: in adult rats, during 20 days, or in dams, during pregnancy and lactation, with tests performed in adult offspring. The hyperalgesic response induced by carrageenan and its final mediators PGE2 and norepinephrine was used to model inflammatory pain. RESULTS: The findings demonstrated for the first time that dietary fish oil (1) decreases the hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan; (2) but not that induced by its final mediator PGE2 and norepinephrine; (3) increase omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in peripheral neural tissue; and (4) attenuates inflammatory pain in individuals exposed to fish oil during pre-natal life and lactation. CONCLUSION: Together, these findings support that fish oil decreases inflammatory pain either when consumed during adult life or during prenatal development. Future studies should confirm the therapeutic potential of fish oil in humans, which is essential for the development of public policies to encourage a fish oil richer diet.


Assuntos
Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta , Óleos de Peixe , Adulto , Animais , Carragenina/efeitos adversos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Dinoprostona , Feminino , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Humanos , Norepinefrina , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Gravidez , Ratos
9.
Nutr Cancer ; 71(1): 111-117, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30741012

RESUMO

Capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is the main pungent component found in hot peppers. AIM: In this study, we investigated the effect of capsaicin treatment on tumor growth and the metabolic indicators of cachexia in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were inoculated subcutaneously in the right flank with 1 ml of a sterile suspension of 3 × 107 Walker tumor cells. The treated groups received capsaicin intraperitoneal 5 mg/kg body weight for 13 days. RESULTS: The tumor weight on Day 14 in the non-treated group was 18 g. The rats also had a body weight loss, hypoglycemia, hyperlactacidemia, hypertriacylglycerolemia, and a depletion in glycogen storage. Treatment with capsaicin decreased tumor growth by 49% and a reversal of triacylglycerol serum. We also found a 32% reduction in tumor cell proliferation ex vivo. Lactate serum concentrations and body weight were lower but did not reach control levels. CONCLUSION: The treatment with capsaicin reduces tumor growth and cellular proliferation along with increased apoptosis and partial cachexia reversal.


Assuntos
Caquexia/tratamento farmacológico , Capsaicina/uso terapêutico , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Canais de Cátion TRPV/fisiologia , Triglicerídeos/sangue
10.
Nutr Cancer ; 68(6): 935-42, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27340931

RESUMO

We investigated the effect of fish oil (FO) supplementation, at 4 g/day, on the respiratory performance and blood lipid profile of 32 patients with breast cancer at the beginning of chemotherapy. They were randomized into two groups: control (C) and FO supplemented (S). Both groups underwent three respiratory evaluations and blood harvest (before chemotherapy-Day 0, and 30 and 60 days after supplementation). The S group showed a significant increase in the maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure (P ≤ 0.05 vs. Day 0) and in the maximum voluntary ventilation (P ≤ 0.05). In the treadmill 6-min-walk test, the S group had a significant increase in the walked distance (P ≤ 0.05). Blood lactate concentration was significantly lower in the S group after 60 days, at rest, when compared to C (P ≤ 0.05). Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration remained the same after 60 days of supplementation, while in the C group, it decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05 Day 0 vs. Day 60). Triacylglycerol (TAG) plasma concentration in the S group was lower when compared to the C group (P ≤ 0.05 Day 60S vs. Day 60). Supplementation with FO caused improvement in the respiratory muscle strength and endurance, ameliorated functional performance, and kept TAG, HDL cholesterol, and lactate plasma concentration at normal levels.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Óleos de Peixe/uso terapêutico , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Física/efeitos dos fármacos , Insuficiência Respiratória/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Neoplasias da Mama/dietoterapia , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/efeitos adversos , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Teste de Esforço , Feminino , Óleos de Peixe/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/induzido quimicamente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Insuficiência Respiratória/induzido quimicamente , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/fisiopatologia , Músculos Respiratórios/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos Respiratórios/fisiopatologia , Triglicerídeos/sangue
11.
Braz. j. phys. ther. (Impr.) ; 20(2): 133-141, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-783870

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic high-frequency ultrasound, microcurrent, and a combination of the two have been used as potential interventions in the soft tissue healing process, but little is known about their effect on the immune system. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of therapeutic high frequency ultrasound, microcurrent, and the combined therapy of the two on the size of the wound area, peritoneal macrophage function, CD4+ and CD8+, T lymphocyte populations, and plasma concentration of interleukins (ILs). METHOD: Sixty-five Wistar rats were randomized into five groups, as follows: uninjured control (C, group 1), lesion and no treatment (L, group 2), lesion treated with ultrasound (LU, group 3), lesion treated with microcurrent (LM, group 4), and lesion treated with combined therapy (LUM, group 5). For groups 3, 4 and 5, treatment was initiated 24 hours after surgery under anesthesia and each group was allocated into three different subgroups (n=5) to allow for the use of the different therapy resources at on days 3, 7 and 14 Photoplanimetry was performed daily. After euthanasia, blood was collected for immune analysis. RESULTS: Ultrasound increased the phagocytic capacity and the production of nitric oxide by macrophages and induced the reduction of CD4+ cells, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and the plasma concentration of IL-1β. Microcurrent and combined therapy decreased the production of superoxide anion, nitric oxide, CD4+-positive cells, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and IL-1β concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic high-frequency ultrasound, microcurrent, and combined therapy changed the activity of the innate and adaptive immune system during healing process but did not accelerate the closure of the wound.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ratos , Terapia por Ultrassom , Linfócitos/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/imunologia , Cicatrização , Ratos Wistar
12.
Braz J Phys Ther ; 20(2): 133-41, 2016 Jan 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26786082

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic high-frequency ultrasound, microcurrent, and a combination of the two have been used as potential interventions in the soft tissue healing process, but little is known about their effect on the immune system. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of therapeutic high frequency ultrasound, microcurrent, and the combined therapy of the two on the size of the wound area, peritoneal macrophage function, CD4+ and CD8+, T lymphocyte populations, and plasma concentration of interleukins (ILs). METHOD: Sixty-five Wistar rats were randomized into five groups, as follows: uninjured control (C, group 1), lesion and no treatment (L, group 2), lesion treated with ultrasound (LU, group 3), lesion treated with microcurrent (LM, group 4), and lesion treated with combined therapy (LUM, group 5). For groups 3, 4 and 5, treatment was initiated 24 hours after surgery under anesthesia and each group was allocated into three different subgroups (n=5) to allow for the use of the different therapy resources at on days 3, 7 and 14 Photoplanimetry was performed daily. After euthanasia, blood was collected for immune analysis. RESULTS: Ultrasound increased the phagocytic capacity and the production of nitric oxide by macrophages and induced the reduction of CD4+ cells, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and the plasma concentration of IL-1ß. Microcurrent and combined therapy decreased the production of superoxide anion, nitric oxide, CD4+-positive cells, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and IL-1ß concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Therapeutic high-frequency ultrasound, microcurrent, and combined therapy changed the activity of the innate and adaptive immune system during healing process but did not accelerate the closure of the wound.


Assuntos
Sistema Imunitário/imunologia , Linfócitos/imunologia , Terapia por Ultrassom , Animais , Humanos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Cicatrização
13.
Br J Nutr ; 114(1): 43-52, 2015 Jul 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26059004

RESUMO

Immune function changes with ageing and is influenced by physical activity (strength training, ST) and diet (fish oil, FO). The present study investigated the effect of FO and ST on the immune system of elderly women. Forty-five women (64 (sd 1.4) years) were assigned to ST for 90 d (ST; n 15), ST plus 2 g/d FO for 90 d (ST90; n 15) or 2 g/d FO for 60 d followed by ST plus FO for 90 d (ST150; n 15). Training was performed three times per week, for 12 weeks. A number of innate (zymosan phagocytosis, lysosomal volume, superoxide anion, peroxide of hydrogen) and adaptive (cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), CD8, TNF-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 produced by lymphocytes) immune parameters were assessed before supplementation (base), before (pre-) and after (post-) training. ST induced no immune changes. FO supplementation caused increased phagocytosis (48 %), lysosomal volume (100 %) and the production of superoxide anion (32 %) and H2O2(70 %) in the ST90. Additional FO supplementation (ST150) caused no additive influence on the immune system, as ST150 and ST90 did not differ, but caused greater changes when compared to the ST (P< 0·05). FO increased CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the ST150, which remained unchanged when training was introduced. The combination of ST and FO reduced TNF-α in the ST150 from base to post-test. FO supplementation (ST150, base-pre) when combined with exercise (ST150, pre-post) increased IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 production. The immune parameters improved in response to FO supplementation; however, ST alone did not enhance the immune system.


Assuntos
Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Sistema Imunitário/fisiologia , Treinamento Resistido , Idoso , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Feminino , Óleos de Peixe/química , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Sistema Imunitário/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade/fisiologia , Interferon gama/sangue , Interleucinas/sangue , Contagem de Linfócitos , Lisossomos/ultraestrutura , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Fagocitose/fisiologia , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue
14.
Lipids Health Dis ; 12: 146, 2013 Oct 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24131597

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Shark liver oil (SLOil) and fish oil (FOil), which are respectively rich in alkylglycerols (AKGs) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are able to reduce the growth of some tumors and the burden of cachexia. It is known that FOil is able to reduce proliferation rate and increase apoptotic cells and lipid peroxidation of tumor cells efficiently. However, there are few reports revealing the influence of SLOil on these parameters. In the current study, effects of FOil chronic supplementation on tumor growth and cachexia were taken as reference to compare the results obtained with SLOil supplementation. Also, we evaluated if the association of SLOil and FOil was able to promote additive effects. METHODS: Weanling male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: fed regular chow (C), supplemented (1 g/kg body weight) with SLOil (CSLO), FOil (CFO) and both (CSLO + FO). After 8 weeks half of each group was inoculated with Walker 256 cells originating new groups (W, WSLO, WFO and WSLO + FO). Biochemical parameters of cachexia, tumor weight, hydroperoxide content, proliferation rate and percentage of apoptotic tumor cells were analysed. Fatty acids and AKG composition of tumor and oils were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS: Fourteen days after inoculation, SLOil was able to restore cachexia parameters to control levels, similarly to FOil. WSLO rats presented significantly lower tumor weight (40%), greater tumor cell apoptosis (~3-fold), decreased tumor cell proliferation (35%), and higher tumor content of lipid hydroperoxides (40%) than observed in W rats, but FOil showed more potent effects. Supplementation with SLOil + FOil did not promote additive effects. Additionally, chromatographic results suggested a potential incorporation competition between the n-3 fatty acids and the AKGs in the tumor cells' membranes. CONCLUSIONS: SLOil is another marine source of lipids with similar FOil anti-cachectic capacity. Furthermore, despite being less potent than FOil, SLOil presented significant in vivo antitumor effects. These results suggest that the chronic supplementation with SLOil may be adjuvant of the anti-cancer therapy.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Caquexia/dietoterapia , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/dietoterapia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Fígado/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caquexia/complicações , Caquexia/metabolismo , Caquexia/patologia , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/complicações , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/metabolismo , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Óleos de Peixe/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/agonistas , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Tubarões/metabolismo , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Desmame
15.
Lipids ; 48(9): 879-88, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23888317

RESUMO

Previous studies have shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 (n-3 PUFA) have several anticancer effects, especially attributed to their ability to modulate a variety of genomic and immune responses. In this context, this randomized, prospective, controlled clinical trial was conducted in order to check whether supplementation of 2 g/day of fish oil for 9 weeks alters the production of inflammatory markers, the plasma fatty acid profile and the nutritional status in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Eleven adults with CRC in chemotherapy were randomized into two groups: (a) supplemented (SG) daily with 2 g/day of encapsulated fish oil [providing 600 mg/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] for 9 weeks (n = 6), and (b) control (CG) (n = 5). All outcomes were evaluated on the day before the first chemotherapy session and 9 weeks later. Plasma TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-10 and IL-17A, the pro/anti-inflammatory balance (ratio TNF-α/IL-10 and IL-1ß/IL10) and serum albumin, showed no significant changes between times and study groups (p > 0.05). C-reactive protein (CRP) and the CRP/albumin ratio showed opposite behavior in groups, significantly reducing their values in SG (p < 0.05). Plasma proportions of EPA and DHA increased 1.8 and 1.4 times, respectively, while the ARA reduced approximately 0.6 times with the supplementation (9 weeks vs baseline, p < 0.05). Patients from SG gained 1.2 kg (median) while the CG lost -0.5 kg (median) during the 9 weeks of chemotherapy (p = 0.72). These results demonstrate that 2 g/day of fish oil for 9 weeks of chemotherapy improves CRP values, CRP/albumin status, plasma fatty acid profile and potentially prevents weight loss during treatment.


Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Graxos/sangue , Óleos de Peixe/uso terapêutico , Estado Nutricional , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Neoplasias Colorretais/sangue , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/sangue , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/uso terapêutico , Esquema de Medicação , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangue , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Óleos de Peixe/sangue , Humanos , Interleucina-10/sangue , Interleucina-17/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue
16.
Nutr Cancer ; 64(2): 286-93, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22242972

RESUMO

This study investigated the mechanisms by which ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) administration in rats reduces Walker-256 tumor growth. Male Wistar rats were supplemented with HMB (76 mg/kg/day) (HW), or a placebo (W), during 8 wk by gavage. At the 6th wk, rats were inoculated with a suspension of Walker 256 tumor cells (3 × 10(7)/mL). Fifteen days after inoculation, the HW group showed higher glycemia (109.4 ± 5.53 vs. 89.87 ± 7.02 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and lower spleen (1.35 ± 0.05 vs. 1.65 ± 0.12 g, P < 0.05) and tumor weights (9.64 ± 1.07 vs. 13.55 ± 1.19 g, P < 0.05) compared to the W group. Tumor cells extracted from the HMB-treated rats displayed a 36.9% decrement in rates of proliferation ex vivo and a significant increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression ratio in comparison to those extracted from the placebo-treated rats (P < 0.05). Both phagocytic capacity and H(2)O(2) production rates were higher in polymorphnuclear cells that were obtained from the blood of the HW rats in comparison to those from the W rats (P < 0.05). Reduction of necrotic regions and an intense infiltration of leukocytes and activated granulocytes in HW were evident by transmission electron microscopy. Our findings suggest that HMB supplementation decreases tumor burden by modifying the inner environment of tumor cells and by interfering with blood leukocyte function.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patologia , Neutrófilos/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/análise , Valeratos/administração & dosagem , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/análise , Animais , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/química , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/tratamento farmacológico , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
17.
Am J Clin Nutr ; 95(2): 428-36, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22218156

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Muscle force and functional capacity generally decrease with aging in the older population, although this effect can be reversed, attenuated, or both through strength training. Fish oil (FO), which is rich in n-3 (omega-3) PUFAs, has been shown to play a role in the plasma membrane and cell function of muscles, which may enhance the benefits of training. The effect of strength training and FO supplementation on the neuromuscular system of the elderly has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the chronic effect of FO supplementation and strength training on the neuromuscular system (muscle strength and functional capacity) of older women. DESIGN: Forty-five women (aged 64 ± 1.4 y) were randomly assigned to 3 groups. One group performed strength training only (ST group) for 90 d, whereas the others performed the same strength-training program and received FO supplementation (2 g/d) for 90 d (ST90 group) or for 150 d (ST150 group; supplemented 60 d before training). Muscle strength and functional capacity were assessed before and after the training period. RESULTS: No differences in the pretraining period were found between groups for any of the variables. The peak torque and rate of torque development for all muscles (knee flexor and extensor, plantar and dorsiflexor) increased from pre- to posttraining in all groups. However, the effect was greater in the ST90 and ST150 groups than in the ST group. The activation level and electromechanical delay of the muscles changed from pre- to posttraining only for the ST90 and ST150 groups. Chair-rising performance in the FO groups was higher than in the ST group. CONCLUSIONS: Strength training increased muscle strength in elderly women. The inclusion of FO supplementation caused greater improvements in muscle strength and functional capacity.


Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Óleos de Peixe/farmacologia , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Aptidão Física , Treinamento Resistido , Atividades Cotidianas , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Movimento , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Educação Física e Treinamento , Torque
18.
Lipids ; 47(4): 383-9, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22160495

RESUMO

Cancer chemotherapy is associated with neutropenia and impaired neutrophil function. This study aimed to investigate whether supplementation with low dose fish oil (FO), providing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy after surgical tumor (mainly gastrointestinal) removal is able to improve the function of blood neutrophils. Patients (n = 38) receiving chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil and leucovorin) were randomized into two groups; one group (control) did not receive a supplement, while the other group (FO) received 2 g FO/day for 8 weeks; the FO provided 0.3 g eicosapentaenoic acid plus 0.4 g docosahexaenoic acid per day. Patients in the control group lost an average of 2.5 kg of weight over the 8 weeks of the study. The number of blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNC), mainly neutrophils, and their functions (phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide production) decreased in the control group (average decreases of approximately 30, 45 and 17%, respectively). FO prevented these decreases and actually increased body weight (average of 1.7 kg weight gain; p < 0.002 vs. control group), PMNC number (average 29% increase), phagocytosis (average 14% increase) and superoxide production (average 28% increase). FO may be useful in preventing chemotherapy-induced decline in neutrophil number and function.


Assuntos
Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fagocitose/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/análise , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análise , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Fluoruracila/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/cirurgia , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/agonistas , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Leucovorina/administração & dosagem , Leucovorina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxidos/agonistas , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Aumento de Peso , Redução de Peso
19.
Nutr Cancer ; 63(8): 1307-15, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21981555

RESUMO

We investigated the effect of chronic supplementation with shark liver oil (SLO), an antitumor supplement source of n-3 fatty acids and 1-O-alkylglycerols, alone and combined with coconut fat (CF), a source of saturated fatty acids, on Walker 256 tumor growth and cachexia. Male rats were supplemented daily and orally with SLO and/or CF (1 g per kg body weight) for 7 wk. After 7 wk, 50% of animals were subcutaneously inoculated with 3 × 10(7) Walker 256 tumor cells. After 14 days, the rats were killed, the tumors were removed for lipid peroxidation measurement, and blood was collected for glycemia, triacylglycerolemia, and lacticidemia evaluation. Liver samples were obtained for glycogen measurement. Unlike CF, supplementation with SLO promoted gain in body weight, reduction of tumor weight, and maintained glycemia, triacylglycerolemia, lacticidemia, and liver glycogen content to values similar to non-tumor-bearing rats. Combined supplementation of SLO with CF also showed a reversion of cachexia with gain in body mass, reduction of lacticidemia, maintaining the liver glycogen store, and reduction in tumor weight. SLO, alone or combined with CF, promoted increase of tumor lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, SLO supplemented chronically, alone or associated with CF, was able to reduce tumor growth and cachexia.


Assuntos
Caquexia/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/tratamento farmacológico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Óleos de Peixe/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anticarcinógenos/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patologia , Óleo de Coco , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/administração & dosagem , Glicerol/administração & dosagem , Glicerol/análogos & derivados , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxidos Lipídicos/análise , Glicogênio Hepático/análise , Masculino , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Tubarões , Triglicerídeos/sangue
20.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab ; 36(4): 533-8, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21851206

RESUMO

Physical activity has been used in cancer prevention and treatment. In this study, we investigated some of the mechanisms by which anaerobic exercise reduces tumor growth. To do so, rats were trained for 8 weeks. Training consisted of jumping in a swimming pool for ten 30-s sets, with a load that was 50% of body weight attached to the back, 4 times per week. At the sixth week, anaerobic exercise trained rats (EX group) were inoculated with a suspension of Walker 256 tumor cells. Tumor weight, apoptotic tumor cells, tumor Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression, tumor lipid peroxidation, and tumor cell proliferation ex vivo were evaluated. Tumor weight was significantly lower in the EX group (∼30%) than in rats that did not undergo training (sedentary group) (p < 0.05). Apoptosis in the tumor cells of EX rats was 2-fold higher than in the tumor cells of sedentary rats; in addition, Bax expression increased by 10% and Bcl-2 decreased by 13% in EX rats. Lipid peroxidation was 4-fold higher in the tumor cells of EX rats than in those of sedentary rats (p < 0.05). Tumor cell proliferation ex vivo was 29% lower in the EX group than in the sedentary group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Walker 256 tumor-bearing exercised rats presented more tumor cell apoptosis, a higher tumor content of lipid peroxides, pro-apoptotic protein expression balance, and reduced tumor weight and cell proliferation ex vivo, compared with sedentary rats. These events, together, account for the lower tumor growth we observed in the EX rats.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/metabolismo , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/métodos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Anaerobiose , Animais , Western Blotting , Proliferação de Células , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Indução de Remissão , Carga Tumoral , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo
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