Load forecasting method based on CEEMDAN and TCN-LSTM.

Aiming at the problems of high stochasticity and volatility of power loads as well as the difficulty of accurate load forecasting, this paper proposes a power load forecasting method based on CEEMDAN (Completely Integrated Empirical Modal Decomposition) and TCN-LSTM (Temporal Convolutional Networks and Long-Short-Term Memory Networks). The method combines the decomposition of raw load data by CEEMDAN and the spatio-temporal modeling capability of TCN-LSTM model, aiming to improve the accuracy and stability of forecasting. First, the raw load data are decomposed into multiple linearly stable subsequences by CEEMDAN, and then the sample entropy is introduced to reorganize each subsequence. Then the reorganized sequences are used as inputs to the TCN-LSTM model to extract sequence features and perform training and prediction. The modeling prediction is carried out by selecting the electricity compliance data of New South Wales, Australia, and compared with the traditional prediction methods. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and better prediction effect on load forecasting, which can provide a partial reference for electricity load forecasting methods.

Study on the relationship between peripheral nerve fiber types and levodopa usage in Parkinson's disease.

Background and purpose:

The aim of this study is to comprehensively determine the types of affected fibers in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients by employing nerve conduction studies (NCS), sympathetic skin response (SSR) examinations, and current perception threshold (CPT) testing and to analyze the correlation between levodopa use and nerve involvement.

This retrospective study included 36 clinically diagnosed PD patients who were recruited between January 2018 and April 2019. All patients underwent NCS, SSR testing, and CPT sensory examinations. Additionally, the PD patients were assessed for disease staging using the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) scale. 

Fifteen patients were included in the tremor-dominant subtype, ten patients in the rigid-dominant subtype, and eleven patients in the mixed subtype. Eleven patients were using levodopa, while twenty-five patients had never used any anti-Parkinson’s medication. Ten patients (28%) showed abnormal sympathetic skin responses (SSR). The CPT examination revealed sensory abnormalities in twenty-four patients (67%), with eighteen patients (75%) experiencing sensory hypersensitivity and six patients (25%) experiencing sensory hypoesthesia. Twelve patients (33%) had normal CPT results. Among the patients with abnormal CPT findings, seven cases (29%) involved large myelinated fiber damage, twenty-two cases (92%) involved small myelinated fiber damage, and nineteen cases (79%) involved unmyelinated fiber damage. The rate of sensory abnormalities was 64% (7/11) in the levodopa group and 68% (17/25) in the non-levodopa group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 

The incidence of abnormal CPT findings in PD patients was higher than that of abnormal SSR responses, suggesting that nerve fiber damage primarily affects small fiber nerves (SFN).

Research progress in biological toxins / 军事医学

Biological toxins are toxic molecules produced by specific microorganisms,plants or animals.Due to their wide range of sources and high toxicity,the availability of protein and non-protein toxins is becoming increasingly important,some of which are used for military purposes and developed as biotoxin warfare agents.In this paper,the classification and mechanism of action of biological toxins are discussed.In addition,the strategies for prevention and control of biological toxins as well as their therapeutic applications are reviewed.

Pharmacokinetics of Esketamine hydrochloride nasal spray in rats and ciliary toxicity to maxillary mucosa of bullfrog / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics of Esketamine hydrochloride nasal spray in rats and ciliary toxicity to maxillary mucosa of bullfrog. METHODS The plasma concentration of esketamine hydrochloride in rats was determined by LC-MS/ MS after intravenous injection of esketamine hydrochloride solution and nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride； the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1.0 software. Using the maxillary mucosa of isolated bullfrog as a model， the morphological changes of maxillary mucosa were investigated， and the duration and recovery of ciliary oscillation were recorded after nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride. RESULTS The peak of blood concentration occurred 2 min after nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride； cmax was （814.58±418.80） ng/mL， AUC0－∞ was （203.75± 92.76） ng·h/mL， and the absolute bioavailability was 60.68%. After nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride， it was observed that the cilia of bullfrog were arranged neatly， the edges were clear， the cilia tissue structure was complete and the cilia moved actively. The cilia movement time was （178.17±13.30） min for the first time， and after the cilia moved again， the ciliary movement time measured again was （24.50±9.19）min with a relative movement percentage of 53.56%. CONCLUSIONS Esketamine hydrochloride nasal spray has a rapid onset of action， high bioavailability， and low ciliary toxicity.

Resveratrol inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis in uveal melanoma cells via miR-512-3P/DUSPl axis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the regulatory role and mechanism of resveratrol in inhibiting autophagy and promoting apoptosis in choroidal melanoma cells. Methods Choroidal melanoma cells (MUM2B) were divided into control and experimental groups, and treated with different concentrations of resveratrol (0, 10, 20,40,60,80 μmol ·L

Effect of type of carrier material on the in vitro properties of solid dispersions of progesterone / 药学学报

This study investigated the effect of different carrier materials on the in vitro properties of progesterone solid dispersions. The solid dispersions of the insoluble drug progesterone were prepared by hot melt extrusion technique using rheological properties as the index of investigation, and the in vitro properties of the solid dispersions were characterized. Scanning electron microscope revealed solid dispersions with rough surfaces and agglomerated microstructures into irregular lumpy particles. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction showed the change of progesterone crystalline form in solid dispersions from crystalline to amorphous state. In vitro dissolution studies showed that solid dispersions prepared with different carrier materials can effectively improve the dissolution rate of drugs. The results of the study showed that the type of carrier material had a significant effect on the in vitro properties of solid dispersions, providing a reference for the study of solid dispersions in the controlled release of insoluble drugs.

Research progress of needle-free injection technology / 药学学报

Needle-free injection technology (NFIT) refers to the drug delivery systems in which drugs are propelled as high-speed jet streams using any of the pressure source to penetrate the skin to the required depth. NFIT is a promising drug delivery system as it enables the injection of liquids, powders, and depot/projectiles, and has the advantages of preventing needle stick accidents, improving drug bioavailability, eliminating needle-phobia, increasing vaccine immunity, simplifying operations and is convenient for patients to use. NFIT and its research background, the structure and classification of needle-free jet injectors (NFJI), drugs that can be delivered using NFJI and the factors affecting the injection effect are comprehensively reviewed in this paper. The limitations and potential development directions are summarized to provide a theoretical basis for the application and development of NFIT.

Effect of pulp revascularization on pulp necrosis with periapical periodontitis in young permanent teeth / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of pulp revascularization in the treatment of pulp necrosis with periapical periodontitis in young permanent teeth and its effect on the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in gingival crevicular fluid.Methods:From January 2021 to August 2021, 72 young patients with permanent teeth exhibiting pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis who were treated at Haiyang People's Hospital were included in this study. These patients were subsequently divided into a study group ( n = 35) and a control group ( n = 37), depending on their respective treatment methods. The control group underwent conventional apical angioplasty, whereas the study group underwent pulp revascularization. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the clinical efficacy of both treatments. Additionally, levels of VEGF and bFGF in gingival crevicular fluid were measured before and after surgery, and these values were compared between the two groups. Relevant clinical indicators and the incidence of adverse reactions were also compared between the study and control groups. Results:The overall response rate in the study group was 94.3% (33/35), which was significantly higher than 70.3% (26/37) in the control group ( χ2 = 7.01, P < 0.05). Prior to surgery, there were no notable differences in VEGF level, bFGF level, root length, or root canal thickness between the two groups (all P > 0.05). However, after surgery, VEGF level, bFGF level, root length, and root canal thickness in the study group were (43.25 ± 4.87) ng/L, (40.72 ± 4.83) ng/L, (8.95 ± 0.27) mm, and (3.08 ± 0.24) mm, respectively. These values were (39.90 ± 4.80) ng/L, (36.05 ± 4.66) ng/L, (8.55 ± 0.18) mm, and (2.90 ± 0.20) mm, respectively, in the control group. There were significant differences in VEGF level, bFGF level, root length, and root canal thickness between the two groups ( t = 2.96, 4.18, 5.67, 2.88, all P < 0.05). After surgery, the scores for apical inflammation, root development, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 7.61, 4.83, 9.47, all P < 0.001). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 2.9% (1/35), which was significantly lower than 21.6% (8/37) in the control group ( χ2 = 5.79, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Pulp revascularization exhibits superior curative effects compared with conventional apical angioplasty for the treatment of pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis in young permanent teeth. This treatment effectively alleviates pain, markedly improves tooth function, and has a low incidence of adverse reactions, highlighting its clinical value as a therapeutic option.

Hsa-miR-650 Inhibits NF2-negative Meningioma Growth by Targeting RAC1 / 生物化学与生物物理进展

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify a potential miRNA-mRNA axis in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-negative meningiomas, investigate their target relationships, and determine their biological functions. MethodsThe GSE17792 dataset, which contains data related to NF2-negative meningiomas, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The limma package of R software was used to determine the differentially expressed miRNAs (DeMiRNAs). The miRWalk 2.0 database was applied to obtain the target genes of DeMiRNAs. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database was utilized to build protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and hub genes were identified via Cytoscape software. The expression and biological roles of the screened miRNAs were further validated. ResultsAltogether, 86 DeMiRNAs, consisting of 52 upregulated and 34 downregulated miRNAs, were found in NF2-negative meningioma tumor samples compared with arachnoid tissue controls. Fourteen miRNAs associated with 274 target genes were identified among these DeMiRNAs, and miRNA-target gene networks were constructed based on these data. Analysis with cytoHubba showed that two miRNAs (hsa-miR-650 and hsa-miR-623) were among the top 20 key hub genes in the PPI network. Further qRT-PCR experimental verification suggested that the expression of hsa-miR-650 was significantly higher in NF2-negative meningiomas than in normal brain tissues. Downregulation of hsa-miR-650 inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of NF2-negative meningioma cells. Finally, RAC1 was identified as a target of hsa-miR-650. ConclusionHsa-miR-650 acts as a tumor promoter and might function as a therapeutic target for patients with NF2-negative meningiomas.

In vitro oral simulation evaluation of palatability and chewability of chewable tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the palatability and chewability of chewable tablets， and provide reference for the quality evaluation of various types of chewable tablets. METHODS Using self-made Glucosamine hydrochloride chewable tablets as the model drug， the quality test was conducted. The in vitro simulation system for chewable tablets was established by using a texture analyzer and rheometer， and an oral simulation experiment was conducted on chewable tablets. The texture analyzer was used to measure the force required for chewing and simulate the static disintegration process of chewable tablets； the rheometer was adopted to measure the viscoelasticity， thixotropy， and deformability of chewable tablets during the chewing process. RESULTS The disintegration time limit， principal component content， and dissolution of self-made Glucosamine hydrochloride chewable tablets all met the limit requirements. The in vitro simulation results of the texture analyzer showed that self-made chewable tablets were easy to chew in both axial and radial directions， and the force required for chewing was within the range of the chewing force of the teeth； chewable tablets could disintegrate at an appropriate time without being chewed and only taken in the oral cavity. The in vitro simulation results of the rheometer showed that the chewable tablets in the oral cavity exhibited a behavior of elasticity as the main factor and viscosity as the secondary factor through the continuous stirring of the tongue， and the viscosity of the chewable tablets gradually decreased with tongue stirring or tooth chewing； when chewing with teeth， the internal force of the chewing tablets decreased， causing plastic deformation and crushing. After being crushed， the shape couldn’t be restored， making it easy to chew and swallow. CONCLUSIONS The combination of texture analyzer and rheometer can be used to simulate the oral chewing process and evaluate the palatability and chewability of self-made Glucosamine hydrochloride chewable tablets. This model can provide reference for the evaluation of various chewable tablets.

Iodine-125 brachytherapy for a desmoid tumor in the abdomen-thorax: A retrospective study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of iodine-125 seed implantation in the treatment of abdomen-thorax desmoid tumors (DTs). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from 14 DT patients who received brachytherapy with iodine-125 seeds were retrospectively collected from 2014 to 2020. The operation was completed using CT guidance and the treatment plan system (TPS). The number of lesions and the target dosimetry parameters were recorded. After brachytherapy, the lesions were evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). RESULTS: Fourteen patients with 18 lesions were enrolled in this study; eleven lesions were in the thorax, seven were in the abdomen, and the lesion gross tumor volume (GTV) was 82.10 cc (interquartile range [IQR]: 40.37, 203.42 cc). The median number of seeds was 88 (IQR: 35, 158), and the median prescription dose was 120 Gy (IQR: 115, 120 Gy). The D90 was 123 ± 16.7 Gy, the V90 was 97% (IQR: 95.00, 97.25%), and the V200 was 27% (IQR: 14.50, 33.00%). The median follow-up time for each lesion was 34 (IQR: 23, 67) months, and the local response rate was 100%. Following brachytherapy, the overall survival was 52.3 ± 30.72 months. One year after brachytherapy, one patient experienced persistent worsening of a brachial plexus injury; another received a ureteral stent. No brachytherapy-related complications were observed in the remaining patients. CONCLUSIONS: Iodine-125 brachytherapy is a novel treatment option for DT of the abdomen and thorax. Although it is a safe and effective treatment, the radiation dose of iodine-125 brachytherapy for DT-embedded organs at risk must be investigated further.

Melatonin alleviates cisplatin-induced mice spermatogenesis defects.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic drug that is used to treat many different types of tumors. However, it also has significant adverse effects on male reproduction, which are partially mediated oxidative damage. Melatonin (MLT) is a promising antioxidant that can be used for reproductive protection. In this paper, we investigated the effect of CDDP on spermatogenesis, as well as MLT's potential role in reproductive protection. CDDP (5 mg/kg BW) significantly reduced male mice testosterone levels and decreased sperm vitality and progressive motility. Additionally, a lower percentage of stage VII and VIII seminiferous tubules were observed in CDDP-treated mice. MLT administration significantly alleviated CDDP-induced testicular damages, CDDP-induced lowered male fertility in vivo, and enhanced in vitro embryonic development of two cells and blastocysts. These changes may be due to CDDP-mediated spermatogenesis defects in germ cell and Leydig cell proliferation, which are reflected in abnormal PCNA, SYCP3, and CYP11A1 expression levels and can be improved by MLT. CDDP treatment significantly decreased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as SOD and GSH levels, and increased MDA levels in mice testis, leading to increased apoptosis of germ cells and increased BAX/BCL2 ratios in mice testis. MLT treatment may reduce germ cell apoptosis by reducing oxidative damage in mice testis. This study demonstrated that CDDP affects sperm fertility by altering germ cell and Leydig cell proliferation via increased oxidative damage and that MLT can attenuate these damages. Our work provides potential information for further research on the toxic effects of CDDP and the protective effects of MLT on male reproduction.

Aggressive angiomyxoma of the pelvis and abdominal wall: Dramatic response to chemical ablation therapy.

Objective: Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare, locally aggressive soft tissue neoplasm with a marked tendency for local recurrence after surgery. Although hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and vascular embolization can be performed, we investigated the safety and efficacy of a new chemical ablation protocol for AAM. Methods: This study included two female AAM patients from 2012 to 2016. The patients' clinical and imaging data were collected. The amount of anhydrous ethanol and glacial acetic acid used for chemical ablation was documented, and the management of any complications was detailed. Results: The maximum dimensions of the residual tumor were 12.6 cm and 14.0 cm. In one case, the lesion was in the pelvis and protruded into the vulva. Eighty milliliters of liquid with a mixture of glacial acetic acid, anhydrous ethanol, and iohexol (10:9:1) was used for chemical ablation therapy via multipoint injections with a single needle. However, a pelvic fistula developed 1 month later. In another case, the lesion was located in the abdominal wall. The ablation procedure was improved by performing chemical ablation therapy with multiple needles for multi-point injections of smaller than 30 ml injections for each procedure. To date, no recurrence or metastasis has been observed in the two cases. Conclusion: The preferred treatment for AAM is complete resection. Chemical ablation therapy is a novel adjuvant therapy for AMM. Nonetheless, more research is needed to confirm these findings.

The function and drug development progress of free fatty acid receptor 1 in chronic inflammatory diseases / 药学学报

As a member of G protein coupled-receptors superfamily, free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), is also known as GPR40, has been shown to regulate numerous pathophysiological processes in a variety of tissues and organs. The activated FFAR1 has a variety of biological functions. For instance, it can not only regulate metabolism of fatty acids and glucose, but also play an important role in immune inflammatory response, it may be a potential drug target for the treatment of various chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on the recent researches of FFAR1's action in the regulation of pathophysiological processes, its molecular mechanism and new agonists development. At the same time, this review will take the discovery of series FFAR1 agonists as examples, and display the applied prospects of FFAR1.

Proteomic Research on Characteristic Processing Materials of Porcine Cardiac Blood and Porcine Blood from Menghe Medical School and Their Effect on Anti-microglial Inflammatory Damage of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveProteomics was used to investigate the protein differences between porcine cardiac blood（PCB） and porcine blood（PB） from Menghe medical school and to compare the effects of both on the microglial inflammation of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma（DS）. MethodNanoliquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry（nLC-MS/MS） and bioinformatics were utilized to compare the proteomic differences of PCB and PB in simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Furthermore， Western blot was used to verify the contents of some shared proteins and differential proteins identified in PCB and PB. In addition， BV2 neuroinflammation model constructed by corticosterone（CORT） and lipopolysaccharide（LPS） was applied to detect the intervention effects of PCB and PB on the levels of tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α and interleukin（IL）-6 in BV2 inflammatory cells of DS. ResultA total of 69 common proteins and 68 differential proteins were identified in PCB and PB， among which the common proteins included transferrin（Tf） with brain-targeting effect， and the differential proteins in the two were 41 and 27， respectively. Western blot validation showed that the difference in the content of the same protein Tf between PCB and PB was not statistically significant， while the difference in the contents of the specific proteins of creatine kinase M and heart-type fatty acid binding protein（H-FABP） were statistically significant（P<0.05）. Moreover， in vitro experimental studies revealed that compared with the same concentration of DS group， in addition to the 100 mg·L-1 PB-DS group， PCB-DS and PB-DS groups could significantly inhibit the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in BV2 inflammatory cells（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and PCB-DS group had more significant anti-inflammatory effect than PB-DS group with the same concentration（P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBoth of PCB and PB can enhance the inhibitory effect of DS on the release of inflammatory factors， thus playing a neuroprotective role， and PCB promotes DS inhibition more significantly， which may be due to the existence of the two involved in energy metabolism-related differential proteins， which can lay a foundation for revealing the scientific connotation of the processing of PCB-DS and PB-DS.

Efficacy and safety of Regan Syrup in treatment of common cold (wind-heat syndrome):a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo and positive drug-controlled, parallel, phase Ⅱb clinical trial / 中国中药杂志

Regan Syrup has the effect of clearing heat, releasing exterior, benefiting pharynx and relieving cough, and previous phase Ⅱ clinical trial showed that the efficacy of Regan Syrup high-dose and low-dose groups was better than that of the placebo group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the safety between the three groups. The present study was conducted to further investigate the efficacy and safety of the recommended dose(20 mL) of Regan Syrup in the treatment of common cold(wind-heat syndrome). Patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and divided into the test group(Regan Syrup+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules placebo), positive drug group(Regan Syrup placebo+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules) and placebo group(Regan Syrup placebo+Shufeng Jiedu Capsules placebo) at a 1∶1∶1 using a block randomization method. The course of treatment was 3 days. A total of 119 subjects were included from six study centers, 39 in the test group, 40 in the positive drug group and 40 in the placebo group. The onset time of antipyretic effect was shorter in the test group than in the placebo group(P≤0.01) and the positive drug group, but the difference between the test group and the positive drug group was not significant. The test group was superior to the positive drug group in terms of fever resolution(P<0.05), and had a shorter onset time of fever resolution than the placebo group, but without obvious difference between the two groups. Compared to the positive drug group, the test group had shortened disappearance time of all symptoms(P≤0.000 1). In addition, the test group was better than the positive drug group and the placebo group in relieving symptoms of sore throat and fever(P<0.05), and in terms of clinical efficacy, the recovery rate of common cold(wind-heat syndrome) was improved in the test group compared to that in the placebo group(P<0.05). On the fourth day after treatment, the total TCM syndrome score in both test group and positive drug group was lower than that in the placebo group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between three groups and none of them experienced any serious adverse events related to the study drug. The results indicated that Regan Syrup could shorten the onset time of antipyretic effect, reduce the time of fever resolution, alleviate the symptoms such as sore throat and fever caused by wind-heat cold, reduce the total score of Chinese medicine symptoms, and improve the clinical recovery rate with good safety.

Role of brown adipose tissue in phlegm-dampness metabolic syndrome based on infrared thermal imaging / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the infrared manifestation and role of brown adipose tissue(BAT) in phlegm-dampness me-tabolic syndrome(MS), and to provide objective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of phlegm-dampness MS. Subjects were selected from the department of endocrinology and ward in the South District of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from August 2021 to April 2022, including 20 in healthy control group, 40 in non phlegm-dampness MS group and 40 in phlegm-dampness MS group. General information, height and weight of the subjects were collected and body mass index(BMI) was calculated. Waist circumference(WC), systolic blood pressure(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was measured. Triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), fasting blood glucose(FBG), fasting insulin(FINS), leptin(LP), adiponectin(ADP) and fibroblast growth factor-21(FGF-21) were detected. The infrared thermal image of the supraclavicular region(SCR) of the subjects before and after cold stimulation test was collected by infrared thermal imager and the changes of infrared thermal image in the three groups were observed. In addition, the differences in the average body surface temperature of SCR among the three groups were compared, and the changes of BAT in SCR were analyzed. The results showed compared with the conditions in healthy control group, the levels of WC, SBP, DBP, TG and FPG in MS groups were increased(P<0.01), and the HDL-C level was decreased(P<0.01). Compared with non phlegm-dampness MS group, phlegm-dampness MS group had higher conversion score of phlegm dampness physique(P<0.01). According to the infrared heat map, there was no difference in the average body surface temperature of SCR among the three groups before cold stimulation. while after cold stimulation, the average body surface temperature of SCR in MS groups was lower than that in healthy control group(P<0.05). After cold stimulation, the maximum temperature of SCR and its arrival time in the three groups were as follows: healthy control group(3 min)>non phlegm-dampness MS group(4 min)>phlegm-dampness MS group(5 min). The thermal deviation of SCR was increased and the average body surface temperature of left and right sides were higher(P<0.01) in healthy control group and non phlegm-dampness MS group, while the thermal deviation of SCR did not change significantly in the phlegm-dampness MS group. Compared with that in healthy control group, the elevated temperature between left and right sides was lower(P<0.01, P<0.05), and compared with that in non phlegm-dampness MS group, the elevated temperature of left side was lower(P<0.05). The changes of the average body surface temperature of SCR in the three groups were in the order of healthy control group>non phlegm-dampness MS group>phlegm-dampness MS group. Compared with the conditions in healthy control group and non phlegm-dampness MS group, FINS, BMI and FGF-21 levels were increased(P<0.01,P<0.05), while ADP level was decreased(P<0.01, P<0.05) in phlegm-dampness MS group. Moreover, the LP level in phlegm-dampness MS group was higher than that in non phlegm-dampness MS group(P<0.01). It was observed in clinical trials that after cold stimulation, the average body surface temperature of SCR in MS patients was lower than that of the healthy people; the thermal deviation of SCR did not change significantly in the phlegm-dampness MS patients, and the difference in their elevated temperature was lower than that in the other two groups. These characteristics provided objective basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of phlegm-dampness MS. With abnormal BAT related indicators, it was inferred that the content or activity of BAT in SCR of phlegm-dampness MS patients were reduced. There was a high correlation between BAT and phlegm-dampness MS, and thus BAT might become an important potential target for the intervention in phlegm-dampness MS.

The role of the national oral health program in the development of oral health service and related thinkings / 中华口腔医学杂志

Conception of public health was firstly put forward by American professor Winslow. Ensuring and promoting the health of general population is the key connotation for the definition of public health. Oral disease has become a public health problem. Caries which preventable and curable is the most common oral disease and the etiology is also clear. Oral health comprehensive intervention program for children in central and western regions was set up in 2008 by Chinese government. The program included sealing on the first permanent molar and oral health education towards primary school children covering mid-west area. This was the first oral health program invested by government and managed by Chinese Stomatological Association. Six years later, the program was popularized to the whole nation, and renamed as national oral health comprehensive intervention program for children in China. The program had made deep impact on development of oral health service in China. The study tries to analyze the challenges of oral health service through reviewing the background, content, organization and effectiveness of the program, aiming to provide suggestions on policy, financing, system, ability and technology for the future development.

Evaluation of p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of human papilloma virus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To explore the diagnostic value of p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(opscc) and find out the optimal index to improve the accuracy of HPV detection. Methods: A total of 153 cases, from May 2014 to May 2020, diagnosed OPSCC in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were selected. This cohort included 130 males and 23 females, aged (58.6±10.0) years old. HPV RNA in situ hybridization was chosen as the gold standard to detect their HPV status. p16 immunohistochemistry and p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry were performed on all cases, and the p16/Ki-67 double positive index including 20%, 40%, and 60% were used as the thresholds to compare their sensitivity, specificity, and positive prediction value (PPV), negative prediction value (NPV) and prognosis prediction ability. Results: Among the 153 patients with OPSCC, 114 were HPV-negative and 39 were HPV-positive, and the HPV infection rate of OPSCC patients was 25.5% (39/153). Only 58.1% (36/62) of single p16 positive cases were HPV-positive, and the prognosis of patients could not be distinguished using p16 immunohistochemistry only. Using p16/Ki-67 double staining, the accuracy of HPV positive diagnosis has been improved. The HPV diagnostic ability was the highest when the p16/Ki-67 double positive index was 40% (sensitivity=86.8%, specificity=94.8%, PPV=84.6%, NPV=95.6%, area under the curve=0.897), which could distinguish the prognosis of patients (P=0.012). Conclusions: The p16/Ki-67 double-stained immunohistochemistry can improve the accuracy of HPV positive diagnosis rate and diagnosis of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is the most accurate when the double-positive index is 40% as the threshold to judge HPV status and could serve as better surrogate marker for HPV detection.

Bi-directional Control of Synaptic Input Summation and Spike Generation by GABAergic Inputs at the Axon Initial Segment / 神经科学通报·英文版

Differing from other subtypes of inhibitory interneuron, chandelier or axo-axonic cells form depolarizing GABAergic synapses exclusively onto the axon initial segment (AIS) of targeted pyramidal cells (PCs). However, the debate whether these AIS-GABAergic inputs produce excitation or inhibition in neuronal processing is not resolved. Using realistic NEURON modeling and electrophysiological recording of cortical layer-5 PCs, we quantitatively demonstrate that the onset-timing of AIS-GABAergic input, relative to dendritic excitatory glutamatergic inputs, determines its bi-directional regulation of the efficacy of synaptic integration and spike generation in a PC. More specifically, AIS-GABAergic inputs promote the boosting effect of voltage-activated Na+ channels on summed synaptic excitation when they precede glutamatergic inputs by >15 ms, while for nearly concurrent excitatory inputs, they primarily produce a shunting inhibition at the AIS. Thus, our findings offer an integrative mechanism by which AIS-targeting interneurons exert sophisticated regulation of the input-output function in targeted PCs.