Structure elucidation of a flavonoid glycoside from the roots of Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon, Lamiaceae

Apigenin-7-glucoside, C21H20O10 (7-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one), was first time isolated from the roots of Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon, Lamiaceae. Structure elucidation of the compound was carried out by ¹H NMR and FAB-MS studies.

Apigenin-7-glucosídeo, C21H20O10 (7-(β-D-glucopiranosiloxi)-5-hidroxi-2-(4-hidroxifenil)-4H-1-benzopiran-4-ona), foi isolado pela primeira vez das raízes de Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon, Lamiaceae. A elucidação estrutural da susbtância foi feita através de estudos de ¹H NMR e FAB-MS.

Simultaneous estimation of Montelukast sodium and Bambuterol hydrochloride in tablets by spectrophotometry.

Two simple, rapid, accurate and precise methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Montelukast sodium and Bambuterol hydrochloride from tablet dosage form. In the first method, the first derivative spectrum was determined. Montelukast sodium showed zero crossing point at 209.5 nm and Bambuterol hydrochloride showed zero crossing point at 238.5 nm. The dA/dlambda was measured at 209.5 nm for Bambuterol hydrochloride and 238.5 nm for Montelukast sodium and calibration curves were plotted as dA/dlambda versus concentration respectively. Quantitative determination of Montelukast sodium and Bambuterol hydrochloride in tablets was carried out using calibration curve by interpolation method. In the second method, Multicomponent mode of analysis was used and the measurement of absorbances at two wavelengths, 283.6 nm (lambda-max of MKST) and 211.8 nm (working wavelength selected for BHC) in 95% methanol, was carried out. These methods were validated statistically as per ICH guidelines. The recovery studies confirm the accuracy of the proposed method.

Prospects for hepatitis C vaccine.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Unfortunately, neither a vaccine nor any effective therapy is available. Efforts are now directed towards the development of an effective vaccine besides chemotherapy. This review briefly summarizes the properties of an effective vaccine for the control of HCV infection. The mechanisms of protective immune response induced by HCV are not well understood. It is presumed that humoral and cellular immune responses play an important role. Even though there are various obstacles in the development of HCV vaccine, we describe a few promising approaches such as DNA vaccine, recombinant virus vaccine, HCV-like particles (HCV-LPs), peptide-based vaccine and plant-derived recombinant subunit vaccine.

Blood coagulation factor VIII: An overview.

Factor VIII (FVIII) functions as a co-factor in the blood coagulation cascade for the proteolytic activation of factor X by factor IXa. Deficiency of FVIII causes hemophilia A, the most commonly inherited bleeding disorder. This review highlights current knowledge on selected aspects of FVIII in which both the scientist and the clinician should be interested.

Potential decreased morbidity of interstitial brachytherapy for gynecologic malignancies using laparoscopy: A pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: This pilot study was designed to prospectively assess whether the addition of laparoscopy at the time of interstitial brachytherapy is safe, provides verification and/or guidance of needle placement, and results in a reduction of treatment-related morbidity. METHODS: Between 7/93 and 2/97 15 consecutive eligible patients were entered into this study. All patients received external pelvic radiation to a dose range between 45 and 61.20 Gy using 1.8-Gy fractions. In each patient the minimum prescribed dose for the brachytherapy portion was 20 Gy. Minimum cumulative doses to sites of gross disease ranged from 71.8 to 115.3 Gy. A Syed-Neblett afterloading perineal template was used in all the procedures. Laparoscopy using established guidelines was performed during placement of interstitial needles. During template placement, verification of interstitial needles on laparoscopy and any subsequent changes or needle rearrangement were noted. RESULTS: No acute radiation toxicity greater than Grade 2 was noted during the external beam portion of treatment, and no perioperative complications were encountered. These needles were withdrawn under laparoscopic guidance to just below the peritoneal reflection, avoiding proximity to the bowel and improving tumor coverage. Median follow-up time was 26 months. No late radiation morbidity greater than Grade 2 nor any laparoscopic-related complications were noted. To date, one patient has died of disease; six are alive with disease; and eight are alive free of disease with a mean disease-free survival of 17.3 months. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy at the time of interstitial brachytherapy appears to be safe. No radiation toxicity greater than Grade 2 has developed. No perioperative complications were seen with the addition of laparoscopy. The addition of laparoscopy to the placement of transperineal interstitial implants impacted needle arrangement and/or loading of sources in 50% of patients.

Dosimetric aspects of small circular fields of 10 MV photon beam.

Dosimetric data obtained from different measurement techniques of 10 MV small circular photon beams of 12.5, 20, 30, and 40 mm diameter were studied. The effects of lack of lateral electronic equilibrium and steep dose gradient were noticed even when measurements were performed with a small volume (0.02 cc) ionization chamber. From an examination of the results, it is concluded that an average value of data obtained from several carefully performed film measurements may be used for routine radiosurgery.

Effect of dissolved oxygen levels on biosynthesis of aureofungin by Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum var. terricola.

Biosynthesis of aureofungin by Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum var, terricola was found to be an oxygen dependent reaction. An accelerated rate of aureofungin production, along with a better yield coefficient were obtained under conditions of enhanced aeration during fermentation. A higher oxygen transfer rate was found to stimulate aureofungin A, and suppresses aureofungin B formation.

Dermostatin A and B: chromatography, structural and configurational studies using HPLC, CCD, 13C (125 MHz) and 1H (500 MHz) NMR spectroscopy.

HPLC of crude Dermostatin indicated presence of three pairs of components. Hence, attempts were made to purify Dermostatin. Purification of crude Dermostatin has been carried out using column chromatography and counter current distribution methods. Each of these fractions were tested for activity. The major fraction which showed greater activity was taken for the preparation of Dermostatin nona-acetate. Structural characterisation of Dermostatin nona-acetate has been carried out using UV-visible spectroscopy in different solvents to obtain the characteristic spectrum of a carbonyl conjugated hexaene at room temperature. Structural and configurational studies of Dermostatin nona-acetate using 500 MHz 1H NMR and 125 MHz 13C NMR has been used in the assignment of various functional groups in Dermostatin A and B as well as to provide corroboration to the earlier structural elucidation.