Potential of natural medicines for treatment of osteoporosis: a narrative review.

OBJECTIVE: To organize the fragmented information available in the literature to describe and summarize the extracts used by natural medicines in the treatment of bone loss, and to provide evidence and support for the potential use of natural medicines in the treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS: A literature survey for relevant information regarding the osteogenesis of Dongkuiguo (), Machixian (). etc., was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, Springer LINK and Google Scholar electronic databases from the years 2000-2020. RESULTS: Dongkuiguo (), Machixian (). etc., both inhibit the activity of osteoclasts and reduce bone resorption by regulation of signaling pathways through interacting with signaling molecules. CONCLUSIONS: In this review, the current knowledge of the novel medicines with osteogenesis properties were summarized and their potential in the treatment of bone loss were demonstrated, but the lack of research on the regulation of the signaling pathway's mechanism of action, and the corresponding theoretical basis for the application of natural medicines in clinical osteoporosis, made it difficult to be widely applied and promoted in clinical practice. Further experiments with some of the medicines and the mechanisms is needed to realize their potential as osteoporosis treatments.

Preparation，characterization，in vitro drug release property and cytotoxicity of Periplaneta americana extract-loaded spider fibroin membrane / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To prepare spider fibroin membrane loaded with Periplaneta americana extract， and investigate its characterization， in vitro drug release property and cytotoxicity. METHODS Using natural spider silk collected from Chilobrachys guangxiensis as raw material， P. americana extract as model drug， the drug-loaded spider fibroin membrane （hereinafter referred to as drug-loaded membrane） was prepared by solvent casting method. The material matrix spider fibroin membrane without P. americana extract （hereinafter referred to as blank membrane） was prepared with same method. The membrane structure was characterized by static water contact angle， Fourier infrared chromatography， X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy from different angles； drug release characteristics in artificial saliva were simulated in vitro to evaluate the drug sustained-release performance. MTT assay was adopted to validate the cytotoxicity of drug-loaded membrane. RESULTS The drug-loaded membrane was prepared， and the static water contact angle was less than 90°， which was less than that of blank membrane. The drug-loaded membrane showed the characteristic absorption peak to polypeptide of P. americana extract at 1 500-1 700 cm－1. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy also proved that the drug was successfully loaded into the pellicle. The release time of the pellicle in artificial saliva was more than 200 min. The MTT test results showed that the cell proliferation rates of blank membrane and drug-loaded membrane were 84.6% and 79.4% （both greater than 70%）， respectively， without significant potential cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Drug-loaded membrane prepared with natural spider silk has a certain sustained-release effect in artificial saliva， which can be further developed as a drug sustained-release carrier with excellent biological characteristics and biocompatibility.