DENTAL FLUOROSIS PREVALENCE, SEVERITY AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN PRE-SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN RESIDING IN FLUORIDE DEFICIENT REGIONS OF GEORGIA.

The aim of study was to assess prevalence, severity, and associated risk-factors for Dental Fluorosis in Pre-School children (1-6 years) in Fluoride deficient regions (1) Tbilisi (F=0.08-0.22 mg/l) and (2) Akhaltsikhe, (F<0.4 mg/l) Georgia, having different geographic location and socio-economic conditions. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 570 pre-school aged children (1-6 years) attending public kindergartens of Tbilisi and Akhaltsikhe region. Descriptive analysis was performed for Dental Fluorosis prevalence and severity using Thylstrup-Fejerskov Index (TFI). Correlative analysis was done to assess information about possible acquired risk-factors through questionnaire including biological and social variables. To differentiate genuine Dental fluorosis from other non-carious resembling defects ECEL method was introduced. For Fluoride concentration determination in potable water (2) ISO 10359-1:1992 Electrochemical probe as ion-selective electrode method was used. Information about F concentration in Tbilisi tap water (1) was obtained by GWP. (Georgian Water and Power, 2019). The overall Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in study group was 6.3% (36 Children) (95% CI;(4.3 - 8.3)). There was no statistically significant difference in the level of Dental Fluorosis prevalence between rural and urban residents (P>0.05). Dental Fluorosis prevalence was similar in both gender groups. 6.0% of girls had dental fluorosis (95% CI 2.2% - 8.8%), whereas DF prevalence in boys was 6.5% (95% CI3.7% - 9.3%), respectively. Regular brushing and dentifrices ingestion were not effecting DF prevalence and severity (p>0.05). Indoor coal-burning environment increasing airborne Fluoride absorption during pregnancy was recognized as a risk-factor for dental fluorosis occurrence in children (OR=5.8 (95% CI; 2.1-15.9)). High tea consumption (≥2 cups/day) was increasing Odds of DF occurrence (OR=17.3 (95% CI; 7.4-40.7)). Exposure to diverse fluoride sources like indoor coal-burning and high tea consumption in non-fluoridated areas is a risk-factor of Dental Fluorosis in study community.

[Cytological issues of Curiosin's influence on the inflammatory processes in parodontal tissues].

A new medicine--Curiosin--was applied for treatment of inflammatory processes in parodontal tissues. Curiosin has no analogies by the composition and effects. It is the organotrophic medication, which includes Zinc and Hyaluronic acid. It is the glue-like, limpid solution, its pH=5-6. The Hyaluronic acid of Curiosin gets into contact with the fibrinous net and makes transitional matrix. It stipulates activity and migration of granulocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts, also - the proliferation of epithelial cells. The effectiveness and success of complex treatment was shown in 130 persons. The patients were divided into two groups: control group, n=59 persons and the study group, n=71 patients. The traditional treatment course was applied in patients of the control group. This course includes removing of gingival plaque, curette of periodontal recesses, medication of periodontal tissues with antiseptic solutions. After these preparations, periodontal tissues treated by heparin ointment and trichopol, also by periodontal bounds. In this case antibiotic-therapy was introduced. In the patients from the second-group Curiosin and plasma-therapy was applied. Before and after treatment the cytological examination was carried out in patients of both groups. For examination we got contents of periodontal recesses. Before the treatment the inflammatory processes in parodontal tissues was shown. In presence of ulcero-necrotic gingivitis, on 18-month post-operative cytogramms we saw the following results: after the treatment there was no any more processes of inflammatory-destructive character; the number of leucocytes and lymphocytes sharply decreased, while the number of undamaged cells increased. This fact can prove discontinuance of inflammation and induction of regenerative processes in periodontal tissues. We have seen the same results in groups of patients with periodontitis. Beside, there were the large number of undamaged epitheliocytes and increased number of plasmocytes.