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@#BACKGROUND. Uterine cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. In our country, cervical cancer is second most common cancer in women. Uterine cervical smear (Papanicolaou test) remains an effective and widely used method for early detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions. Since 2002, the cervical smear was introduced to the clinical practice of our country. However, there is no study to performed external quality assurance of cervical smear until now. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We selected 20 glass slides of uterine cervical smear, the diagnosis was approved by histopathology. Each chosen slides were evaluated by four cytologists of A, B, C, D hospitals with hidden clinical information, independently. RESULTS. The sensitivity of A, B, C and D hospitals were 87.5%, 93.3%, 93.3%, and 93.3%, respectively. The specificity of A, B, C and D hospitals was 85.7%, 85.7%, 75%, and 66.6%, respectively. The diagnostic concordance of A, B, C and D was 70%, 75%, 50%, and 55%, respectively. The agreement of cytological diagnosis was moderate (kappa = 0.55), moderate (kappa = 0.43), fair (kappa = 0.37), and fair (kappa = 0.33) in A, B, C, and D hospitals, respectively. CONCLUSION: The external quality assurance in cytopathology is needed in Mongolia. The diagnostic concordance method would be applicable in our country to improve diagnostic agreement.
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Introduction. The survey was conducted to establish the midterm evaluation of the National Program on NCD Prevention and Control, and to establish baseline data for a health project funded by the Millennium Challenge Account (MCA).Goal The goal of the survey was to determine the prevalence alcohol consumption pattern among Mongolian adults using WHO-approved methods, and to inform on NCD and injury control activities.Objectives:To compare the current prevalence of alcohol consumption to that identified in the previous STEPS survey. Alcohol consumption patterns, frequency of drinking and risks associated with alcohol consumption will be studied according to gender, age and place of residence of the survey respondents.Materials and MethodsThe cross-sectional survey used WHO STEPS survey methodology adapted to the countries specifics. A total of 5638 randomly selected 15-64 year-old Mongolian residents of both sexes from 36 soums of 20 aimags and 6 districts of Ulaanbaatar city participated in the survey. The survey data was fully collected using small handheld computers (PDAs). Because the data was comprised of only a sample of the large population, it was necessary to weight the data, Thus sample weighting and adjustments to correct the differences in the age-sex distribution of the sample compared to the largest population were performed. Data analysis was conducted using EPI INFO version 3.5.1 using appropriate methods for the complex sample design of the survey. Outcome measures (prevalence and mean variance) and differences between groups (age, gender and urban\ rural groups) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95%).Results:34.2% of Mongolian adults did not use alcohol in their life-time and 65.8% of them used alcohol to some extent. The prevalence of binge drinking was 39.7% in men and 15.1% in women, and binge drinking was 2.5 times more common in males compared to females.
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Knowledge of the morphometric quantities of the coronary arteries in neonates is an increasingly vital component in the management of congenital and acquired heart disease. Because of the considerable heterogeneity of coronary vasculature, what is considered atypical and aberrant or insignificant anatomy is often unclear. The purpose of our present study is to define the normal anatomy of neonates. This was done by focusing on segment analysis of the coronary arteries, which was used to obtain accurate definitions of the length and diameter of the coronary network. The lengths, widths and numbers of collateral branches of the coronary arteries of neonates were measured. The coronary vessels of 50 neonate hearts were visualised post mortem by injection of the coronary arteries with opaque X-ray dye for the imaging study. Black ink cast and silver impregnation specimens were also studied. The longest segment of the circumflex branches of the left coronary arteries was the first, the lengths measuring 7188.5 +/- 839.6 microm and the diameters 850 +/- 90.8 mum. The lengths of segments II, III and IV were 5780 +/- 1182.7 microm, 5397.5 +/- 2070.2 microm and 6932.8 +/- 2236.5 microm and the diameters were 680 +/- 90.8 microm, 510 +/- 90.8 microm and 408 +/- 77.58 microm respectively. The longest segment of the anterior interventricular branches of the left coronary arteries was the first, with lengths of 10151.4 +/- 1298.6 microm and diameters of 1141.9 +/- 82.1 microm. The lengths of segments II, III and IV were 8208.5 +/- 1222.3 microm, 3278.5 +/- 602.4 microm and 5370 +/- 1657.6 mum and the diameters were 971 +/- 82.1 microm, 801.42 +/- 82.1 microm and 631.4 +/- 82.1 microm respectively. The lateral branches were increased in number in the fourth segment. Its diameters ranged from 157.8 +/- 31.7 microm to 655.7 +/- 99.7 microm. The main branch of the right coronary artery was short at the base of the heart. In the newborn the lateral branches of the right coronary artery were short, scattered and curved. Analysis of the data suggests a new anatomical system for classifying the vasculature of the coronary arteries in neonates.
