Postdengue Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis.

A 38-year-old gentleman, following an uncomplicated dengue fever 2 weeks back, developed acute onset bilateral lower limb weakness and numbness for 5 days, associated with bladder and bowel incontinence and a band-like sensation in T4 dermatome. On examination, he had paraparesis with normal cranial nerves except for left upper motor neuron-type 7th cranial nerve palsy and normal higher mental function. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spine detected multiple demyelinating lesions. A diagnosis of postdengue acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) was made as part of postinfective inflammatory process after the fever had subsided. Cerebrospinal fluid study ruled out active infection. He was treated with intravenous steroids and is currently recovering. An interesting point in our case was that the patient had significant imaging findings in MRI of the brain with no symptoms or signs suggestive of intracranial involvement-ADEM without evidence of encephalitis.

Efficient refolding and functional characterization of PfAMA1(DI+DII) expressed in E. coli.

Apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is a surface protein of Plasmodium sp. that plays a crucial role in forming moving junction (MJ) during the invasion of human red blood cells. The obligatory presence of AMA1 in the parasite lifecycle designates this protein as a potential vaccine candidate and an essential target for the development of novel peptide or protein therapeutics. However, due to multiple cysteine residues in the protein sequence, attaining the native fold with correct disulfide linkages during the refolding process after expression in bacteria has remained challenging for years. Although several approaches to obtain the refolded protein from bacterial expression have been reported previously, achieving high yield during refolding and proper functional validation of the expressed protein was lacking. We report here an improved method of refolding to obtain higher quantity of refolded protein. We have also validated the refolded protein's functional activity by evaluating the expressed AMA1 protein binding with a known inhibitory peptide, rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2), using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).