Exploitation of bones-rich poultry by-products to produce protein hydrolysates: optimization of hydrolysis parameters and chemical characterization.

A significant quantity of bone-rich poultry by-products must be disposed of by poultry processors. These products still contain a significant amount of nutritionally valuable animal proteins. In the present work, a hydrolysis protocol was optimized to recover the protein fraction of bone-rich poultry by-products while simultaneously minimizing the amount of water required for hydrolysis (thus reducing drying costs) and recycling the hydrolytic broth up to 3 times, to reduce the cost of the proteolytic enzyme. The final hydrolysis conditions involved the use of (protease from B. licheniformis, ≥2.4 U/g; 0.5 V/w of raw material) and a hydrolysis time of 2 h at 65°C. The protein hydrolysate obtained has a high protein content (79-86%), a good amino acid profile (chemical amino acid score equal to 0.7-0.8) and good gastric digestibility (about 30% of peptide bonds are already hydrolyzed before digestion). This supports its use as an ingredient in food, pet food or animal feed formulations.

A case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by Finegoldia magna in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the serious conditions associated with necrotizing fasciitis, a severe bacterial skin infection that spreads quickly and is characterized by extensive necrosis of the deep and superficial fascia resulting in devascularization and necrosis of the associated tissues. In addition to debridement and aggressive surgery procedures, the effectiveness of therapy depends on choosing the appropriate antibacterial agents. Hence the key to successful management is an early and accurate diagnosis. We report a case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by Finegoldia magna in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Bunionette.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to review the most recent literature available on the treatment of bunionette (also named tailor's bunion) with percutaneous and minimally invasive techniques. Focusing especially on clinical outcomes, studies related to this type of techniques were examined in order to evaluate the success of this practice that is, fusion rate and complications. The hypothesis is that these techniques are safe and successful procedures. METHODS: In July 2015, a topical review of the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases was conducted using the keywords percutaneous (OR mini-invasive OR minimally invasive) AND bunionette (OR tailor's bunion) AND treatment (OR surgery). Studies reporting the outcomes of the surgical treatment of bunionette were also included in our review. RESULTS: The search yielded a total of 111 publications from PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. After evaluating abstracts and full-text reviews, 9 articles were included in this review. Treatment methods were divided into 2 main surgical treatment categories: with or without fixation of the osteotomy. The most commonly used technique was that with fixation. The scores of success for techniques with and without fixation were 93.5 and 97.8, respectively. CONCLUSION: The current evidence for the treatment of bunionette deformity is limited to retrospective case series. Therefore, no conclusion can be made regarding the gold standard technique for bunionette deformity. The results published are very satisfactory, but the literature is still poor. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: IV: Topical review.

Cystic spinal dysraphism of the cervical and upper thoracic region.

BACKGROUND: Cystic dysraphic lesions of the cervical and upper thoracic region are rare and only a few series have been published about the topic. These malformations can be divided into categories that include both myelocystoceles and the so-called cervical meningoceles or myelomeningoceles. METHODS: A retrospective study of 18 patients was conducted. RESULTS: In 17 patients a squamous or a cicatricial epithelium of variable thickness covered the dome of the lesions, while the base was covered with full-thickness skin. In one case the skin was entirely normal. Four patients displayed associated CNS malformations and three more had systemic congenital anomalies. All patients underwent surgical exploration and the length of time between birth and surgery ranged from 6 h to 9 months. The most frequent surgical finding, seen in 14 patients, was a stalk connecting the dorsal surface of the spinal cord to the cyst. In three patients the findings were consistent with myelocystocele. Only in one case was a true meningocele found. Hydrocephalus and Chiari II malformation were not as consistently associated as in myelomeningoceles. Neurological signs and symptoms were not so marked as in myelomeningoceles and were found in the follow-up of four patients. In two of them there was a non-progressive deficit, probably expressing an imperceptible involvement of the nervous system in the first year of life. The histopathological findings were of three types: neuroglial stalks, fibrovascular stalks and myelocystoceles. CONCLUSIONS: Cystic dysraphisms of the cervical and upper thoracic region differ clinically and structurally from meningomyelocele and have a more favorable outcome. We believe that these malformations have not been properly labeled and propose a classification based on the structures found inside the cyst.

Dementia consults: predictors of compliance by primary care physicians.

This study was designed to determine rates of primary care physician compliance with recommendations made by physician-consultants at an Alzheimer's disease center. A mail survey was sent to primary care physicians, who were asked to indicate which recommendations had been implemented and to select reasons for lack of adherence. The response rate was 53 percent (49/92). Some 83 percent of recommendations were implemented. Compliance with medical recommendations was higher (87 percent) than with social or behavioral issues (69 percent). Reasons for noncompliance indicated that patient or family barriers were responsible in 48 percent of cases, while physicians were responsible in 24 percent. These findings validate the development of two educational programs: curricula that support the primary care physician in conveying the value of these interventions and guidelines to assist specialists in communicating treatment recommendations.

Tomografia computadorizada das cavidades naso-sinusais: Algumas ocorrências interessantes / Comouterized tomography of the nasal & paranasal cavities: some intersting ocurrences

No estudo das cavidades naso-sinusais por tomografia computadorizada, o especialista pode encontrar ocorrências interessantes por sua raridade ou por seu valor especial como ilustração de uma determinada patologia ou peculiaridade anatômica. Em ambos os casos, o especialista sente a compulsão de exibilas aos colegas, principalmente àqueles que se iniciam no assunto, quer radiologistas, quer otorrinos. Na presente comunicação são apresentadas nove de tais ocorrências, das quais cinco por terem sido consideradas raras (mucocele gigante da concha nasal média, pneumatização da concha nasal inferior, encefalomeningocele basal transetmoidal (intranasal) congênita, pneumatização do septo nasal pelo seio frontal, peumatização extensa do assoalho da órbita

Colecistite aguda alitiásica: aspectos ultra-sonográficos / Acalculous acute cholecistitis: ultra-sonographic aspects

Foram examinados, por meio de ultra-sonografia, 14 pacientes com colecistite aguda alitiásica, com o objetivo de avaliar a forma de apresentaçäo mais característica. Os achados ultrasonográficos dessa patologia analisados isoladamente näo säo específicos, mas quando em conjunto, e associados à história clínica, podem ser diagnósticos. Em nosso trabalho, os achados ultra-sonográficos mais freqüentes foram: o sinal de Murphy ecográfico positivo e o espessamento descontínuo da parede da vesícula biliar. O diagnóstico precoce de colecistite aguda alitiásica é importante, a fim de evitar complicaçöes potenciais, reduzindo assim as taxas de morbidade e mortalidade, que säo mais altas nessa forma de colecistite aguda

Dissecçäo espontânea da carótida interna cervical, relato de dois casos com recanalizaçäo espontânea e revisäo bibliográfica / Spontaneous dissection of the extracranial internal carotid artery: two cases with spontaneous recanalization and a review of the literature

Säo relatados dois casos de dissecçäo espontânea da artéria carótida interna cervical. Ambos ocorreram em mulheres jovens com clínica de acidente isquêmico transitório, sem antecedentes traumáticos ou condiçöes clínicas que pudessem explicar a dissecçäo espontânea da carótida interna cervical säo discutidos

Coexistência de gestaçäo tópica e ectópica: aspectos ultra-sonográficos / Coexistent intrauterina and ectopic pregnancy: ultrasonographic manifestations

Os autores descrevem dois casos de concomitância de gestaçäo tópica e ectópica, relatando os aspectos ecográficos e realizando uma breve revisäo de literatura. Enfatizam a necessidade de o ultra-sonografista realizar rotineiramente o estudo das regiöes anexiais em pacientes com gestaçäo tópica e morfologicamente normal