[Application of laser technologies in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer].

This review includes the facts of bladder treatment by means of laser technologies application in historical perspective. Advantages and disadvantages of different laser technologies were considered in comparison with the traditional TUR of the bladder wall.

[Focal laser coagulation in the treatment of a patient with kidney cancer and prostate cancer].

The article describes the clinical observation of the patient 84 years old with prostate cancer T2bNxM0, left kidney cancer T1N0M0 and severe comorbidity. Stepwise interstitial laser coagulation was performed using the Russian microsecond Nd: YAG laser surgical complex.

[Features of endoscopic surgical treatment of urolithiasis in overweight patients].

The article presents the results of endoscopic and nephrolithotripsy and ureterolithotripsy in 73 overweight patients (body mass index of over 30 kg/m2) with kidney stones and urinary tract infections of different locations compared with 30 patients without obesity. The features of choice of tactics of surgical treatment and access, possible complications and their prevention are described.

[Modern tactics of management of patients with bilateral staghorn nephrolithiasis].

A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of open and percutaneous operations in the treatment of bilateral staghorn nephrolithiasis (SN) was performed. Of the 38 patients with bilateral SN, stage operation (without discharge) was performed in 26 (68.5%) patients, and single-step operation--in 12 (31.5%) patients. For the 47 patients with bilateral SN, who underwent open surgery, the interventions were following: pelviolithotomy (64 operations), nephrolithotomy (21 operations), nephrectomy (9 operations). Surgery was performed in stages on each side, but unlike percutaneous operations, with discharge from the hospital. When using open surgery, only in 27 of the 47 patients complete discharge of kidney stones was achieved. A comparative analysis of single-step and stage surgery for bilateral SN revealed no significant difference in the duration of surgery and intraoperative blood loss (p > 0.1); endoscopic surgery compared with open surgery is characterized by significantly lower intraoperative blood loss and postoperative in-hospital stay (p < 0.001).

[Experimental validation of the use of ND:YAG-interstitial laser coagulation of the kidney].

Interstitial laser coagulation (ILC) is one of the effective methods of minimally invasive destruction of small renal tumors. For the safe use of ILC in clinical practice, it is necessary to select the optimal mode of action of laser radiation on the tissue of target organ and techniques for the procedure. The effects of ILC on kidney tissue in 6 rabbits weighing less than 3 kg and 5 mongrel dogs weighing up to 20 kg were investigated in vivo. The impact of ILC was made intraoperatively. Organ retrieval in experimental animals for the macro- and microscopic examination was performed immediately after the impact of ILC and at various times thereafter during the month in rabbits and 35 days in dogs. Morphological study in different periods after exposure allowed to establish phasing and volumes of changes in the tissues of the kidney, confirming the safety and efficacy of ND:YAG laser irradiation on kidney tissues. The results indicate the possibility of effective application of ILC of kidney tissues for destruction of small size tumors, without impairment of functions of the organ.

[On the methods for assessing the radiation load on medical personnel during an endourologic intervention].

A clinically approved method for assessing the radiation load on surgical team members during an endourologic intervention under X-ray monitoring is described.