In-tube solid-phase microextraction directly coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol determination in rat brain samples from an animal model of Parkinson's disease.

To evaluate the endocannabinoid system in an animal model of Parkinson's disease, in-tube solid-phase microextraction (in-tube SPME) was directly coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) system for determination of the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in rat brain samples. In-tube SPME-which consisted of a microtube of restricted access material (RAM) with a hydrophilic diol external surface and a hydrophobic octyl inner surface-efficiently excluded (up to 95%) macromolecules from the biological samples and selectively pre-concentrated the analytes. In-tube SPME parameters, such as sample volume, mobile phases, flow rate, and pre-concentration time, were evaluated to improve the extraction efficiency and throughput performance. The selectivity of the in-tube SPME and MS/MS (MRM mode) techniques allowed them to be directly coupled online, which dismissed the need for the chromatographic separation step. The in-tube SPME-MS/MS method was validated and shown to be linear from 6.0 to 30.0 ng mL-1 for AEA and from 10.0 to 100.0 ng mL-1 for 2-AG; the intra- and inter-assay accuracy and precision were lower than 15%. Parallelism between the calibration curves constructed in the matrix and aqueous solution confirmed that there was no matrix effect. The method allowed endogenous concentrations of AEA and 2-AG to be determined in rat brain striatum from unilaterally 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned animals. The concentrations of these endocannabinoids in striatum ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion differed significantly (p<0.001).

The use of bisphosphonates in dental clinic: a review of the last five years / O uso de bisfosfonatos na clinica dentária: uma revisão dos últimos cinco anos

The bisphosphonates are synthetic drugs used for treatment of neoplasms and bone, Paget’s disease and more reason for excitement in cases of postmenopausal osteoporosis. These drugs present some known side effects, however, a new complication with oral manifestation was recently identified, called Osteonecrosis. When this necrosis of the bone bases is associated to the use of Bisphosphonates, it is named Osteonecrosis by Bisphosphonates. The type of bisphosphonate, route of administration, and duration of treatment with these drugs seem to have direct relation with the incidence of osteonecrosis associated with bisphosphonates. The aim of this work was to present a review of the last five years about the use of bisphosphonates, the available bisphosphonate groups in the Brazilian market emphasizing those used in the treatment of Osteonecrosis, and exploring possible diagnostic aspects of the disease from image Diagnostics. It is concluded the impact of current world life stimulates new research areas focusing on important illnesses, their manifestations, and on searching for better treatment protocols and faster diagnosis protocols, aiming reduce possible treatment unwanted side effects

Os bisfosfonatos são drogas sintéticas usadas no tratamento de neoplasias de osso, doença de Paget e nos casos de osteoporose pós-menopáusica. Estas drogas apresentam alguns efeitos colaterais conhecidos, no entanto, uma nova complicação com manifestação oral foi recentemente identificada, chamada osteonecrose. Quando a necrose das bases ósseas está associada à utilização de bisfosfonatos, é nomeada osteonecrose por bisfosfonatos. O tipo de Bisfosfonato, a via de administração e duração do tratamento com estes medicamentos parecem ter uma relação direta com a incidência da osteonecrose. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma revisão dos últimos cinco anos sobre o uso de Bisfosfonatos e os grupos de Bifosfonatos disponíveis no mercado brasileiro, enfatizando aqueles usados no tratamento da osteonecrose, além de explorar possíveis aspectos de diagnóstico da doença por meio de imagem. Conclui-se que novas áreas de pesquisa, com foco em doenças importantes e as suas manifestações, estão buscando melhores protocolos no tratamento e diagnóstico rápido, visando reduzir possíveis efeitos colaterais indesejados