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1.
J Fam Pract ; 70(2): E16-E17, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33760908

RESUMO

BENZODIAZEPINES REMAIN THE FIRST-LINE REGIMEN FOR ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME (AWS) AND ARE THE ONLY CLASS MORE EFFECTIVE THAN PLACEBO FOR REDUCING SEIZURE (STRENGTH OF RECOMMENDATION [SOR]: B, BASED ON 3 MEDIUM-QUALITY RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS [RCTS]). ANTICONVULSANTS ARE NO MORE EFFECTIVE THAN PLACEBO AT REDUCING SEIZURES (SOR: B, BASED ON 10 MODERATE-QUALITY RCTS). GABAPENTIN REDUCES WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS AND IS LESS SEDATING THAN BENZODIAZEPINES (SOR: B, BASED ON 1 MEDIUM-QUALITY RCT). CARBAMAZEPINE ALSO REDUCES WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS (SOR: B, BASED ON 3 RCTS). EVIDENCE OF BENZODIAZEPINE SUPERIORITY TO OTHER DRUGS WITH RESPECT TO SAFETY IS LACKING (SOR: A, BASED ON A META-ANALYSIS).


Assuntos
Alcoolismo/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/tratamento farmacológico , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Benzodiazepinas/uso terapêutico , Carbamazepina/uso terapêutico , Gabapentina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Revisões Sistemáticas como Assunto
8.
Am Fam Physician ; 100(11): 710-712, 2019 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31790177
9.
Am Fam Physician ; 100(9): Online, 2019 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31674736
15.
J Fam Pract ; 67(7): 446-447, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29989618

RESUMO

Yes. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) administered individually, in a group setting, or on the internet is effective for treating insomnia in adults compared with control (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, meta-analyses). CBT is comparable to pharmacotherapy for improving measures of sleep (SOR: A, comparative meta-analysis). CBT produces sustainable improvements in subjective sleep quality for adults with comorbid insomnia (SOR: A, meta-analysis).


Assuntos
Benzodiazepinas/uso terapêutico , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/tratamento farmacológico , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento
16.
J Fam Pract ; 67(6): 384-385, 2018 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29879240

RESUMO

Yes for exacerbations, no for hospitalizations. Prophylactic azithro-mycin reduces the number of exacerbations by about 25%. It also extends the time between exacerbations by approximately 90 days for patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Azithromycin benefits patients who are >65 years, patients with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage II or III COPD, former smokers, and patients using long-term oxygen; it doesn't benefit patients ≤65 years, patients with GOLD stage IV COPD, current smokers, or patients not using oxygen (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Prophylactic azithromycin doesn't reduce hospitalizations overall (SOR: B, single small RCT).


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibioticoprofilaxia/métodos , Eritromicina/uso terapêutico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
17.
J Fam Pract ; 67(3): 175-176, 2018 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29509823

RESUMO

No. Exercise doesn't decrease the frequency or severity of vasomotor menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (strength of recommendation: A, systematic review of randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and consistent RCT).


Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício , Fogachos/prevenção & controle , Menopausa , Sudorese , Idoso , Antidepressivos de Segunda Geração/uso terapêutico , Citalopram/uso terapêutico , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cloridrato de Venlafaxina/uso terapêutico , Yoga
18.
J Fam Pract ; 67(2): 112-113, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29400904

RESUMO

No. Megestrol acetate (MA) is neither safe nor effective for stimulating appetite in malnourished nursing home residents. It increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, 2 retrospective chart reviews), but isn't associated with other new or worsening events or disorders (SOR: B, single randomized controlled trial [RCT]). Over a 25-week period, MA wasn't associated with increased mortality (SOR: B, single RCT). After 44 months, however, MA-treated patients showed decreased median survival (SOR: B, single case-control study). Consistent, meaningful weight gain was not observed with MA treatment (SOR: B, single case-control study, single RCT, 2 retrospective chart reviews, single prospective case-series).


Assuntos
Estimulantes do Apetite/efeitos adversos , Desnutrição/tratamento farmacológico , Acetato de Megestrol/efeitos adversos , Casas de Saúde , Humanos , Fatores de Risco , Trombose Venosa/induzido quimicamente
19.
J Fam Pract ; 66(8): E11-E12, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28783773

RESUMO

EVIDENCE-BASED ANSWER: Topical permethrin is the most effective treatment for classic scabies (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, meta-analyses with consistent results). Topical lindane and crotamiton are inferior to permethrin but appear equivalent to each other and benzyl benzoate, sulfur, and natural synergized pyrethrins (SOR: B, limited randomized trials). Although not as effective as topical permethrin, oral ivermectin is an effective treatment compared with placebo (SOR: B, a single small randomized trial). Oral ivermectin may reduce the prevalence of scabies at one year in populations with endemic disease more than topical permethrin (SOR: B, a single randomized trial).


Assuntos
Antiparasitários/uso terapêutico , Benzoatos/uso terapêutico , Hexaclorocicloexano/uso terapêutico , Inseticidas/uso terapêutico , Escabiose/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Administração Tópica , Animais , Humanos , Sarcoptes scabiei/efeitos dos fármacos , Enxofre/uso terapêutico , Toluidinas/uso terapêutico
20.
J Fam Pract ; 66(4): 257-263, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28375400

RESUMO

Yes for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, no for angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). A 2011 meta-analysis of 5 RCTs (total 2975 patients) that compared ACE inhibitor therapy with placebo in diabetic patients without hypertension and albuminuria found that ACE inhibitors reduced the risk of new-onset microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria by 18% (relative risk [RR]=0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.92).


Assuntos
Albuminúria/etiologia , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/etiologia , Albuminúria/tratamento farmacológico , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/efeitos adversos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Complicações do Diabetes/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Medição de Risco
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