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Background: The professionalization of nursing is one of the goals of academic education, which needs to be nurtured during education, so this research was conducted to study the views and experiences of nursing students and instructors regarding professional growth through role mode nursing instructors. Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative study with directed content analysis based on the growing up and role modeling theory in nursing students' education, which was conducted at two universities in Iran from April to September 2021. The participants included 16 undergraduate, master's, and PhD students, and nursing instructors selected using purposeful sampling with maximum diversity. The data were collected through in-depth interviews. Results: From the data analysis, 689 unrefined primary codes and 76 integrated codes were extracted. The three subcategories of the previous study included "effort to improve educational quality," "clinical effectiveness," and "promotion of professional status." Generic categories were formed based on the grouping of codes. "Effort to improve educational quality" included the six generic categories of educational effectiveness, effective classroom management, comprehensive evaluation, adherence to educational rules, application of knowledge, and efforts to promote research. "Clinical effectiveness" included the generic category of effective clinical training. "Promotion of professional status" included the two generic categories of effective professional interactions and striving for professional independence. Conclusions: It can be concluded that role model nursing instructors can increase the students' abilities, and thus, facilitate their professional growth through a combination of strategies based on the generic categories mentioned.
RESUMO
Introduction: Parents' caring responsibilities lead to imbalances in roles, functions, and emotions, confronting them with new needs that, if left unaddressed, have adverse consequences for the lives of all family members. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the significant unmet needs of the mothers of the children with cancer. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran in 2019-2020 on 215 mothers of the children with cancer visiting the hospitals affiliated with medical universities. The study population was selected through convenience sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria. The FIN questionnaire consisting of two subscales, FIN-Import and FIN-Fulfillment, with 40 items, was used to collect data. Results: The mean age of the mothers participating in the study was 34.77 ± 7.91 years, and the mean age of the children with cancer was 9.77 ± 14.37 years. The mean scores of FIN-Import and FIN-Fulfillment were 92.88 ± 7.97 and 70.82 ± 17.89, respectively. The phrase "To know the facts concerning my child's prognosis" with 23%, and the phrase "To be told about the people who could help with problems" with 22.8% were the most common unmet needs reported by the parents. Conclusion: The present study indicated that caring for a child with cancer had confronted mothers with new needs to be met; however, not all of these needs had been satisfied. Awareness about the unmet needs of these mothers and planning to manage those needs can lay the groundwork to improve their health.
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Role modeling is one of the most influential components of teaching professional behaviors to nursing students. The Role Model Apperception Tool (RoMAT) was designed in the Netherlands to measure role modeling behaviors in clinical educators. The aim of this study was assess the psychometrics of the Persian version of this tool. In a methodological study, the Persian version of the RoMAT tool was developed using the forward-backward translation method. Face validity was confirmed through cognitive interviews, and content validity was done by a panel of 12 experts. Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (n = 200), and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 142) was evaluated after the tool was completed online by undergraduate nursing students. Reliability was confirmed using internal consistency and test and retest methods. Furthermore, ceiling and floor effects were assessed. The two components of "professional competencies" and "leadership competencies" emerged with a cumulative variance of 62.01%, a reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.93 and 0.83, and an intraclass correlation of 0.9 and 0.78, respectively. It was concluded that the Persian version of the Role Model Apperception Tool is a valid and reliable tool and can be used to investigate the role modeling behaviors of clinical instructors of nursing students.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Working outside daylight hours (7 am to 7 pm) is called shift work. Shift work is a common practice in many industries and factories such as steel industries, petroleum industries, power plants, and in some services such as medicine and nursing and police forces, in which professionals provide services during day and night. OBJECTIVES: Considering the contradictory reports of different studies, we decided to evaluate the effect of shift work on cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels through a historical cohort on steel industry workers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was performed on all the staff of Isfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company between years 2002 and 2011. There were 5773 participants in this study. Data were collected from the medical records of the staff using the census method. For analysis of data, generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression was used. RESULTS: The results showed a significant difference in cholesterol levels between shift workers and day workers on the first observation (P < 0.001), yet no such difference was observed for TG (P = 0.853). Moreover, the results showed that the variables of age, work experience and BMI were not similar between shift workers and day workers. Therefore, to remove the effect of such variables, we used GEE regression. Despite the borderline difference of cholesterol between regular shift workers and day workers, this correlation was not statistically significant (P = 0.051). The results for TG also showed no correlation with shift work. CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings of this study, there is no relationship between shift work and changes in serum TG and cholesterol. The lack of relationship can be due to shift plans for shift workers, nutrition, or the "Healthy Heart project" at Isfahan Mobarakeh Steel Company.
