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Objectives@#It is critical to assess community readiness (CR) when implementing childhood obesity prevention programs to ensure their eventual success and sustainability. Multiple tools have been developed based on various conceptions of readiness. One of the most widely used and flexible tools is based on the community readiness model (CRM). This study aimed to adapt the CRM and assess the validity of a community readiness tool (CRT) for childhood obesity prevention programs in Iran. @*Methods@#A Delphi study that included 26 individuals with expertise in 8 different subject areas was conducted to adapt the CRM into a theoretical framework for developing a CRT. After linguistic validation was conducted for a 35-question CR interview guide, the modified interview guide was evaluated for its content and face validity. The quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed using Stata version 13 and MAXQDA 2010, respectively. @*Results@#The Delphi panelists confirmed the necessity/appropriateness and adequacy of all 6 CRM dimensions. The Persian version of the interview guide was then modified based on the qualitative results of the Delphi study, and 2 more questions were added to the community climate dimension of the original CRT. All questions in the modified version had acceptable content and face validity. The final CR interview guide included 37 questions across 6 CRM dimensions. @*Conclusions@#By adapting the CRM and confirming linguistic, content, and face validity, the present study devised a CRT for childhood obesity prevention programs that can be used in relevant studies in Iran.
RESUMO
Background:The trend of increasing overweight and obesity among children is a huge burden on health systems. In thisregard, the growing availability of processed foods, often energy dense and nutrient poor, has become a major concern.Changing this trend will require evidence-based policies.Aims:This systematic review aimed to identify the most common processed/ultraprocessed foods consumed by 4–12-yearoldIranian children.Methods:We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of science, as well as Persian scientific search engines, including IranResearch Information System, Scientific Information Database and Mag-Iran. We also assessed grey literature, that is, national studies and papers presented at relevant Iranian congresses. All data collected from studies were converted to daily servings (S/D). Mean and standard deviations of the included results were combined by performing meta-analysis with a random effects model. The I2 test was used to compute heterogeneity. Egger’s test was used to assess publication bias.Results:Ten studies with 67 093 children were included in this review. The meta-analysis demonstrated that the highestconsumption of processed foods belonged to the sugars and sweets group with 8.01 S/D, followed by oils, and biscuits andcakes with 5.58 S/D and 3.33 S/D, respectively.Conclusion:Given the high consumption of less healthy processed foods, robust policies to support healthy eating and help improve Iranian children’s food environment are recommended.
