Construction and validation of Rejection Sensitive Expectation, Perception, and Reaction Questionnaire-Partner (RSEPR-P).

The Rejection Sensitive Expectation, Perception, and Reaction Questionnaire-Partner (RSEPR-P) was developed to assess rejection expectation, perception of rejection, and reactions to perceived rejection among intimate partners. This article details the construction and validation procedures, including item pool generation, factor analysis, and the estimation of reliability and validity. The researchers examined the psychometric properties of RSEPR-P in a community sample of 151 participants. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the final 24 items suggested four-factor loading with each subscale loading on a separate factor. The subscales had good to excellent internal consistency. In support of the convergent validity, RSEPR-P exhibited robust correlations with rejection sensitivity-personal, mindfulness, marital adjustment, and self-esteem measures. A 6-month test-retest reliability was established. RSEPR-P is proposed to have potential therapeutic and research utility.

Factors Contributing to Adolescents' and Young Adults' Participation in Web-Based Challenges: Survey Study.

BACKGROUND: Web-based challenges, phenomena that are familiar to adolescents and young adults who spend large amounts of time on social media, range from minimally harmful behaviors intended to support philanthropic endeavors to significantly harmful behaviors that may culminate in injury or death. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the beliefs that lead adolescents and young adults to participate in these activities by analyzing the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ice bucket challenge, representing nonharmful behaviors associated with web-based challenges, and the cinnamon challenge, representing web-based challenges that lead to harmful behaviors. METHODS: A retrospective quantitative study was conducted with a total of 471 participants aged between 13 and 35 years who either had participated in the ALS ice bucket challenge or the cinnamon challenge, or had never participated in any web-based challenge. Binomial logistic regression models were used to classify those who participated in the ALS ice bucket challenge or cinnamon challenge versus those who did not engage in either challenge using the integrated behavioral model's beliefs as predictors. RESULTS: The findings showed that participants of both the cinnamon challenge and the ALS ice bucket challenge had significantly greater expectations from the public to participate in the challenge they completed in comparison with individuals who never participated in any challenge (P=.01 for the cinnamon challenge and P=.003 for the ALS ice bucket challenge). Cinnamon challenge participants had greater value for the outcomes of the challenge (P<.001) and perceived positive public opinion about the challenge (P<.001), in comparison with individuals who never participated in any challenge. In contrast, ALS ice bucket challenge participants had significantly greater positive emotional responses than individuals who never participated in any challenge (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The constructs that contribute to the spread of web-based challenges vary based on the level of self-harm involved in the challenge and its purpose. Intervention efforts could be tailored to address the beliefs associated with different types of web-based challenges.

Security of attachment in children and adolescents-An Indian experience.

BACKGROUND: Security of attachment plays a key role in a caregiver's relationship with the child. Though this construct is studied extensively during infancy, early and middle childhood in the west, there are only a few Indian studies available on early childhood. The present article reports three studies which examine security of attachment in middle childhood and adolescence using the Security Scale developed by Kerns et al. (2000). METHODS: In all three studies, the data were collected from a cross sectional sample. Normal school going children formed the sample in studies I and II, whereas study III had both a normal and a clinical group of children. RESULTS: Findings from studies I and II indicate secure attachment of children and adolescents with their parents. In study III, the normal group of children showed better security of attachment as compared to the clinical group of children. CONCLUSIONS: The authors of the present study highlight the applicability of the security scale in an Indian setting and suggest further research on standardization of the tool and its clinical utility.