HO-SsNF: heap optimizer-based self-systematized neural fuzzy approach for cervical cancer classification using pap smear images.

Cervical cancer is a significant concern for women, necessitating early detection and precise treatment. Conventional cytological methods often fall short in early diagnosis. The proposed innovative Heap Optimizer-based Self-Systematized Neural Fuzzy (HO-SsNF) method offers a viable solution. It utilizes HO-based segmentation, extracting features via Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP). The proposed SsNF-based classifier achieves an impressive 99.6% accuracy in classifying cervical cancer cells, using the Herlev Pap Smear database. Comparative analyses underscore its superiority, establishing it as a valuable tool for precise cervical cancer detection. This algorithm has been seamlessly integrated into cervical cancer diagnosis centers, accessible through smartphone applications, with minimal resource demands. The resulting insights provide a foundation for advancing cancer prevention methods.

Surface characteristics of 3D printed PEEK polymer using atomic force microscopy.

High-performance polymer three-dimensional printing is becoming more popular for producing unique parts suitable for different applications. It has been utilized extensively in biomedical applications such as dental prosthetics, surgical equipment, and implants. However, the performance of the material is significantly influenced by its surface qualities, particularly in aspects of its adhesion and biocompatibility. This study involves the fabrication of PEEK specimens S1, S2, S3, and S4 with different printing parameters such as layer height of 0.10 and 0.15 mm and printing speed of 20 and 25 mm/s using a fused deposition modeling process. The surface roughness of the fabricated specimens is measured using atomic force microscopy. The results showed that the printing parameters significantly impact the surface roughness of the PEEK specimens. The surface roughness of specimen S3, printed at a layer height of 0.15 mm and a speed of 20 mm/s, has a low roughness value of 0.017 µm, which is considerable in comparison to the other specimens. In addition to the measurement of surface roughness from roughness profile, the force curve separation graph was plotted and the adhesion force values were calculated for all the specimens to determine the interlayer bonding strength.

Powder Metallurgical Processing and Characterization of Molybdenum Addition to Tungsten Heavy Alloys by Spark Plasma Sintering.

The effect of adding molybdenum to the heavy tungsten alloy of W-Ni-Fe on its material characteristics was examined in the current study. The elemental powders of tungsten, iron, nickel, and molybdenum, with a composition analogous to W-3Fe-7Ni-xMo (x = 0, 22.5, 45, 67.5 wt.%), were fabricated using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique at a sintering temperature of 1400 °C and under pressure of 50 MPa. The sintered samples were subjected to microstructural characterization and tested for mechanical strength. The smallest grain size of 9.99 microns was observed for the 45W-45Mo alloy. This alloy also gave the highest tensile and yield strengths of 1140 MPa and 763 MPa, respectively. The hardness increased with the increased addition of molybdenum. The high level of hardness was observed for 67.5Mo with a 10.8% increase in the base alloy's hardness. The investigation resulted in the alloy of 45W-7Ni-3Fe-45Mo, observed to provide optimum mechanical properties among all the analyzed samples.

Analysis of Surface Morphology and Elemental Composition on Zirconia Implants Before and After Photofunctionalization by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy - An In vitro Study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition of zirconia implants before and after photofunctionalization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten zirconia implants (white sky implant system- Bredent Company) five each in the study group and control group was taken. Study group samples were treated with ultraviolet light for 48 h. Microstructured surface of the study and control group blanks at abutment and thread regions were documented by Scanning Electron Microscope The semi-quantitative element composition was analyzed using Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum. RESULTS: SEM images of the study and control group divulged a varied array of topographical configuration of the abutment area and thread region at different magnifications. At low magnification, both study and control group revealed plain compact surface and wavy porous area, whereas higher magnification showed dense grainy regions of various sizes and intensities disrupted by pores. EDX spectrum analysis for elemental composition showed increased oxygen concentration in the study group (42.8%) than the control group (29.09%), whereas carbon concentration was lower in photofunctionalized group (34.34%) than in the control group (45.41%). CONCLUSION: In zirconia implants, photofunctionalization is a viable method to effectively enhance the surface topography and hydrophilicity of bone-implant interface.

Effect of Rare Earth Metals (Y, La) and Refractory Metals (Mo, Ta, Re) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of W-Ni-Fe Alloy-A Review.

Tungsten heavy alloys are two-phase metal matrix composites that include W-Ni-Fe and W-Ni-Cu. The significant feature of these alloys is their ability to acquire both strength and ductility. In order to improve the mechanical properties of the basic alloy and to limit or avoid the need for post-processing techniques, other elements are doped with the alloy and performance studies are carried out. This work focuses on the developments through the years in improving the performance of the classical tungsten heavy alloy of W-Ni-Fe through doping of other elements. The influence of the percentage addition of rare earth elements of yttrium, lanthanum, and their oxides and refractory metals such as rhenium, tantalum, and molybdenum on the mechanical properties of the heavy alloy is critically analyzed. Based on the microstructural and property evaluation, the effects of adding the elements at various proportions are discussed. The addition of molybdenum and rhenium to the heavy alloy gives good strength and ductility. The oxides of yttrium, when added in a small quantity, help to reduce the tungsten's grain size and obtain good tensile and compressive strengths at high temperatures.