Microbial-Based Biofungicides Mitigate the Damage Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1 and Improve the Physiological Performance in Banana.

Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) is the most limiting disease in this crop. The phytosanitary emergency caused by FWB since 2019 in Colombia has required the development of ecofriendly control methods. The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of microbial-based biofungicides against FWB caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 (Foc R1) and correlate such effect with plant physiological parameters. Five Trichoderma (T1 to T4 and T9) and four Bacillus (T5 to T8)-based biofungicides were evaluated in pot experiments. In vitro, dual confrontation tests were also carried out to test whether the in vitro effects on Foc growth were consistent with the in vivo effects. While Trichoderma-based T3, T4, and T9, and Bacillus-based T8, significantly reduced the growth of Foc R1 in vitro, Trichoderma-based T1, T3, T4, and T9 temporarily reduced the Foc population in the soil. However, the incidence progress of FWB was significantly reduced by Bacterial-based T7 (74% efficacy) and Trichoderma-based T2 (50% efficacy). The molecular analysis showed that T7 prevented the inner tissue colonization by Foc R1 in 80% of inoculated plants. The T2, T4, T7, and T9 treatments mitigated the negative effects caused by Foc R1 on plant physiology and growth. Our data allowed us to identify three promising treatments to control FWB, reducing the progress of the disease, delaying the colonization of inner tissue, and mitigating physiological damages. Further studies should be addressed to determine the modes of action of the biocontrol agents against Foc and validate the utilization in the field.

Effectiveness of combined virtual and clinical simulation compared with other active teaching strategies on health students' learning: a systematic review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of combined virtual and clinical simulation compared with other active teaching strategies on health students' learning. INTRODUCTION: Current evidence indicates that both virtual simulation and clinical simulation are effective in assisting students to acquire clinical skills. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness of the combined use of both teaching strategies, which could enhance health students' learning. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This review will consider experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies that address the combined use of virtual simulation with clinical simulation compared with other active teaching strategies in learning, clinical reasoning, clinical decision-making, and/or clinical competencies of health students. Combining different hybrid simulators to form a new one will not be considered for inclusion in the review. METHODS: The databases to be searched will include Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Scopus, LILACS (VHL), Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, ERIC, and gray literature sources. Two independent reviewers will perform the study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction using JBI tools. A narrative synthesis will be performed and, if possible, meta-analysis and risk assessment of publication bias. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) approach will be used to assess the certainty of the findings. REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42023422410.

Depresión y trauma temprano: hacia una caracterización clínica de perfiles de consulta en un servicio de salud secundario / Depression and early trauma: towards a characterization of clinical profiles of consultation in a secondary mental health service

Patients with depression maltreated during childhood differ from those depressive patients without this background. In patients with early trauma the disease emerges earlier, it is more severe and does not respond to the classical antidepressant therapy. Despite this evidence, research regarding the clinical conceptualization and approach to these patients is still limited. The above becomes relevant in Chile, considering the high prevalence of depression and history of adverse childhood events among Chilean depressive consulting health services. Based on the conceptualization of complex Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the overall objective of this article is to propose a conceptualization to the clinical characteristics presented in depressive patients with early abuse, who consult in a mental health service. We propose that in all these patients it needs to inquire actively about history of early adverse events, patterns of interpersonal difficulties, psychiatric comorbidity with emphasis on PTSD features and presence of dissociative symptoms. According to which of the areas is the most important to understand the reason of consultation and considering the observation of 41 patients treated in the context of the Psychic Tauma Unit in the Curicó Hospital, we postulate the existence of the following profiles: depressive, posttraumatic and dissociative. The main clinical characteristics of each profile are presented with a therapeutic approach.

Existe suficiente evidencia que constata que los antecedentes de maltrato infantil se asocian al desarrollo de un subtipo depresivo en la vida adulta, de mayor severidad, cronicidad y peor respuesta a la terapia antidepresiva clásica. La conceptualización respecto a la clínica y al abordaje que requiere este subtipo ha sido poco sistematizada. En Chile, lo anterior adquiere relevancia dada la alta prevalencia de antecedentes de maltrato infantil en consultantes por depresión en los servicios de salud. Partiendo de la conceptualización que engloba la nosología de Estrés post-traumático (TEPT) complejo, el objetivo general de este artículo es proponer una posible caracterización de pacientes con depresión y trauma temprano en un servicio de salud secundario. Se plantea para el reconocimiento de esta clínica diferenciada, en el nivel secundario, que en la primera consulta en todos los pacientes depresivos, se indaguen activamente las siguientes variables: historia de eventos adversos tempranos, patrón de dificultades interpersonales, comorbilidad psiquiátrica con énfasis en la pesquisa activa de la clínica de cuadros ansiosos específicamente TEPT y presencia de síntomas o trastornos disociativos. Según cuál de las variables clínicas previamente expuestas, permite comprender mejor el motivo de consulta actual, y de acuerdo a la observación de 42 pacientes en la Unidad de Trauma del Hospital de Curicó postulamos la existencia de los siguientes perfiles de consulta en estos pacientes: depresivo, postraumático y disociativo. Se plantean las características clínicas centrales que pudiese caracterizar a cada uno de estos perfiles y el probable abordaje terapéutico

Efectividad de la consejer¡a en enfermería en la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con tuberculosis de la microred de salud Jaime Zubieta Calderón en San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Perú / Effectiveness of the counseling in nursing adherence to drug treatment in patients with tuberculosis of the micro red de salud Jaime Zubieta Calderón in San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Perú

Objetivos: determinar la efectividad de la consejería en enfermería en la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes nuevos con tuberculosis sensible al tratamiento, en la Micro red de salud Jaime Zubieta Calderón perteneciente a la DISA IV de Lima Este en San Juan de Lurigancho durante los meses de octubre 2013 hasta agosto 2014. Material y Métodos: estudio cuasi experimental con grupo control histórico. La muestra estuvo conformada por 30 pacientes nuevos con diagnóstico tuberculosis sensible, los controles se tomaron teniendo los mismos criterios de inclusión y el periodo de tiempo durante los meses de octubre 2012-setiembre 2013 obteniendo 72 controles. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la tarjeta de control de asistencia y administración de medicamentos de cada uno. Los resultados se tabularon en el programa Excel 2010, posteriormente analizados en el programa SPSS versión 22. Resultados: se realizó un cuadro de homogeneidad donde se evidenció un nivel de significancia estadística 4.62, siendo el valor de p=0.032. El grupo intervenido obtuvo 100% de adherencia; a diferencia del grupo control histórico que tuvo una adherencia 86 %, se evidenció un incremento del 14% a lo esperado. Conclusiones: la consejería de enfermería es efectiva en la mejora de la adherencia al tratamiento antituberculoso en pacientes con TB sensible. Además, favorece a la asistencia diaria a la toma del tratamiento, citas médicas, nutrición y enfermería.

Objectives: to determine the effectiveness of counseling in nursing adherence to drug treatment in new patients with tuberculosis in “Micro red de salud Jaime Zubieta Calderon” belongs to the DISA IV Lima Este in San Juan de Lurigancho district during the months of October 2013 to August 2014. Material and Methods: a quasi-experimental research design with historical control. The sample was conducted with 30 patients new sensitive diagnosed with tuberculosis, where evaluated over a period of two months-a period greater risk to non-adherence- issues about the disease, treatment is addressed, and the particular needs of each user is identified. Controls were taken to have the same inclusion criteria and the period during the months of October 2012 to September 2013 obtaining 72 controls. The results are tabulated in the Excel 2010 program subsequently analyzed in SPSS version 22. Results: Homogeneity box where a level of statistical significance was performed evidenced 4.62, the value of p = 0.032. The interview group the percentage of adherence was 100%; than the history control group had a 86 % adherence is achieved a 14% increased the percentage expected. Conclusions: Nursing counseling is effective in improving adherence to tuberculosis treatment in patients with sensitive TB. Furthermore, fauvors the daily attendance taking treatment, medical appointments, nutrition and nursing.

Virtual screening of gene expression regulatory sites in non-coding regions of the infectious salmon anemia virus.

BACKGROUND: Members of the Orthomyxoviridae family, which contains an important fish pathogen called the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), have a genome consisting of eight segments of single-stranded RNA that encode different viral proteins. Each of these segments is flanked by non-coding regions (NCRs). In other Orthomyxoviruses, sequences have been shown within these NCRs that regulate gene expression and virulence; however, only the sequences of these regions are known in ISAV, and a biological role has not yet been attributed to these regions. This study aims to determine possible functions of the NCRs of ISAV. RESULTS: The results suggested an association between the molecular architecture of NCR regions and their role in the viral life cycle. The available NCR sequences from ISAV isolates were compiled, alignments were performed to obtain a consensus sequence, and conserved regions were identified in this consensus sequence. To determine the molecular structure adopted by these NCRs, various bioinformatics tools, including RNAfold, RNAstructure, Sfold, and Mfold, were used. This hypothetical structure, together with a comparison with influenza, yielded reliable secondary structure models that lead to the identification of conserved nucleotide positions on an intergenus level. These models determined which nucleotide positions are involved in the recognition of the vRNA/cRNA by RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or mRNA by the ribosome. CONCLUSIONS: The information obtained in this work allowed the proposal of previously unknown sites that are involved in the regulation of different stages of the viral cycle, leading to the identification of new viral targets that may assist future antiviral strategies.

Evaluación tridimensional de la vía aérea mediante tomografía computarizada de haz de cono / Three-dimensional assessment of airway through cone beam computed tomography

Fundamento: los cambios en la función normal de la vía aérea durante el proceso activo de crecimiento facial pueden tener una influencia significativa en el desarrollo facial. Objetivo: presentar la utilidad de la evaluación de la vía aérea mediante tomografía computarizada de haz de cono. Método: se revisaron las imágenes de 250 mujeres y 128 hombres a través del programa Sidexis para Galileos. La selección de las zonas a medir se determinó mediante las coordenadas que pasan por el conducto nasopalatino en el plano sagital y por la zona interproximal de los incisivos centrales superiores, en el plano coronal. Resultados: se observó una correlación negativa moderada pero estadísticamente significativa entre la edad del paciente y el área de la vía aérea en ambos sexos. Se encontró una correlación positiva moderada, estadísticamente significativa entre la longitud del velo del paladar y la edad en los dos sexos. Se presentó también una correlación del área de sección transversal y la longitud del paladar blando. Conclusiones: la Tomografía Computarizada de Haz de Cono proporciona una imagen tridimensional confiable de la relación espacial entre los dientes y la cara y sus estructuras anatómicas circundantes permitiendo una evaluación adecuada de los tejidos.

Background: changes in the normal function of the airway during the active process of facial growth can have a significant influence on facial development. Objective: to present the usefulness of the evaluation of airway Beam Computed Tomography Cone. Methods: images of 250 women and 128 men using the program Sidexis to Galilee were reviewed. The selection of areas to be measured was determined by the coordinates that pass through the canal in the sagittal plane nasopalatine and interproximal area of the upper central incisors in the coronal plane. Results:a moderate negative correlation, but statistically significant between patient age and area of the airway in both sexes was found. There was a moderate positive correlation, statistically significant between the length of the soft palate and age in both sexes. A correlation of cross-sectional area and length of the soft palate was also showed. Conclusions: the Beam Computed Tomography Cone provides a reliable three-dimensional image of the spatial relationship between the teeth and face and surrounding anatomical structures allowing adequate assessment of the tissues.