Prevalencia de demencia y factores asociados en adultos mayores, Aldea Tablones Arriba, Municipio de Yusguare, Choluteca, mayo 2010 – 2011 / Prevalence of Dementia and Associated Factors in Older Adults, Village

Las demencias son un grupo de enfermedades neurológicas y psiquiátricas; que se presentan en adultos mayores sin respetar edad, sexo, y nivel socioeconómico. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), afectan a un billón de personas en el mundo. Presentan una prevalencia de 6.5 en el Continente Americano, y en América Latina hasta de 7.0. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de demencia y la situación general de salud del adulto mayor en la Comunidad de Tablones Arriba, Municipio de Yusguare, Choluteca. Metodología; Diseño: descriptivo-transversal, Universo: 110 adultos mayores; Muestra: 50 adultos de 60 años, Muestreo: probabilístico al azar estratificado; para la recolección de la información se utilizó una encuesta que constó de 32 preguntas, de las cuales 13 eran preguntas cerradas y 19 preguntas abiertas; la encuesta dividida en las siguientes secciones: Datos generales y datos socio demográficos, antecedentes médicos que se enfocaron en condiciones médicas relevantes actuales y pasadas, una lista actual de medicamentos, historia familiar, examen físico dirigido (antropometría, presión arterial, agudeza visual, evaluación cardiovascular y neurológica) y resultados de laboratorio. La encuesta fue validada en una muestra de 6 adultos mayores de 60 años y previo consentimiento informado; aplicada por medio de una entrevista. Se les realizó un examen físico completo, una evaluación cognitiva funcional corta que incluyó instrumentos estandarizados: MMSE, Test de Folstein, Test del Quetzal (adaptación al Lempira), Escala de Depresión Geriátrica, test de Yesavage, y mini-escala de Estado Nutricional de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se utilizaron los criterios de Estratificación de Riesgo Cardiovascular Framingham. El procesamiento de datos se realizó con el programa Epi-info 3.3 (versión Windows) y SPSS 17.0; se utilizó un análisis univariado para la estimación de prevalencia...

The Spanish translation and adaptation of the Uniform Data Set of the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Disease Centers.

Researchers from Alzheimer's Disease Centers (ADCs) across the United States with expertise in the assessment of Spanish-speaking elderly collaborated to create the official Spanish version of measures in the Uniform Data Set of the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Disease Center Program. The present article describes this project, whose primary goal was to create Spanish instruments with cultural and linguistic equivalence to the English versions. The resulting Spanish versions make provisions for variations among Spanish-speaking groups in the United States of different nationalities, socio-cultural, linguistic, and educational backgrounds. A consensus-based translation and adaptation approach was used, and guiding principles and specific components of this process are summarized. The Spanish translation and adaptation of the Uniform Data Set measures became available online to ADCs in April 2007. Its creation is important, as the resulting effort provides standardized measures for the collection of cross-sectional and longitudinal data on a large cohort of Spanish-speaking elders across the country and facilitates collaborative research among ADCs.

Is adaptation of the word accentuation test of premorbid intelligence necessary for use among older, Spanish-speaking immigrants in the United States?

Adaptations of the National Adult Reading Test (NART) for assessing premorbid intelligence in languages other than English requires (a) generating word-items that are rare and do not follow grapheme-to-phoneme mappings common in that language, and (b) subsequent validation against a cognitive battery normed on the population of interest. Such tests exist for Italy, France, Spain, and Argentina, all normed against national versions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Given the varieties of Spanish spoken in the United States, the adaptation of the Spanish Word Accentuation Test (WAT) requires re-validating the original word list, plus possible new items, against a cognitive battery that has been normed on Spanish-speakers from many countries. This study reports the generation of 55 additional words and revalidation in a sample of 80 older, Spanish-dominant immigrants. The Batería Woodcock-Muñoz Revisada (BWM-R), normed on Spanish speakers from six countries and five U.S. states, was used to establish criterion validity. The original WAT word list accounted for 77% of the variance in the BWM-R and 58% of the variance in Ravens Colored Progressive Matrices, suggesting that the unmodified list possesses adequate predictive validity as an indicator of intelligence. Regression equations are provided for estimating BWM-R and Ravens scores from WAT scores.