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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33266271

RESUMO

Achieving the educational inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN) is one of the significant challenges of the current Spanish educational system. This is a group of students with a high rate of bullying that leads to academic failure, as well as significant psychological and social consequences. Despite the fact that the behaviours and psychological characteristics of their peers seem to influence the degree of inclusion, there is no detail on this subject. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence, psychological flexibility, prosocial behaviour and inclusive behaviour. To carry out this study, a sample of 642 students between the ages of 12 and 19 years old participated and answered four questionnaires, one for each variable under study. The relationships established were extracted from different statistical analyses and a hypothesised predictive model. The results obtained revealed that emotional intelligence is positively related to psychological flexibility and prosocial behaviour and that these, in turn, are positively related to the development of inclusive behaviour. Therefore, the importance of considering the variables under study during the teaching-learning processes carried out in the classroom is highlighted.


Assuntos
Bullying , Grupo Associado , Adolescente , Criança , Inteligência Emocional , Humanos , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes , Adulto Jovem
2.
Nutrients ; 12(8)2020 Aug 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32796645

RESUMO

During their sporting lives, athletes must face multiple difficulties that can have consequences for their mental health and changes in their eating patterns. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze how social skills of the trainer influence the coping capacity, psychological well-being, and eating habits of the athlete, elements that are key to achieving success during competition. This study involved 1547 athletes and 127 trainer. In order to achieve the objective, the mean, standard deviation, bivariate correlations, reliability analysis and a structural equation model were analysed. The results showed that prosocial behaviours were positively related to resilience, while antisocial behaviours were negatively related. Resilience was negatively related to anxiety, stress and depression. Finally, anxiety, stress and depression were negatively related to healthy eating and positively related to unhealthy eating. These results highlight the importance of creating a positive social climate to develop coping strategies that promote mental health and healthy eating habits of athletes.


Assuntos
Atletas/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Mentores/psicologia , Resiliência Psicológica , Comportamento Social , Adulto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Tutoria , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia
3.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 942020 May 25.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32449507

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Suicide is one of the most pressing problems worldwide, one of the main social challenges. In Spain, suicide mortality is the leading cause of external death, maintaining the suicide rate relatively stable or even increasing in some age groups in a context in which the mortality of the population due to external causes follows a decreasing trend. Despite the alarming figures, in Spain there is no National Plan for Suicide Prevention, being the main initiatives to address this problem of regional or local court. The objective of the present study was to present the state of the matter regarding the approach to suicide in Spain. METHODS: A review was carried out in the main search engines, both general (Google) and specialized (Psicodoc, Psicyinfo), introducing several key words. The results were filtered excluding local court initiatives, incorporating interventions at the community level. Their content was analyzed and the foundations of each strategy were presented. RESULTS: A total of 22 interventions were found in 16 autonomous communities (all except Murcia). CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude the serious lack of treatment related to this problem. For the most part, strategies for working suicide are incorporated into Mental Health plans. The need to continue working on the design of effective and comprehensive interventions, focused on prevention that address the phenomenon from a multidisciplinary approach, specifically focused on the problem, is evident.


OBJETIVO: El suicidio constituye una de las problemáticas más acuciantes a nivel mundial, suponiendo uno de los principales retos sociales. En España, la mortalidad por suicidio constituye la primera causa de muerte externa, manteniéndose la tasa de suicidio relativamente estable o incluso aumentando en algunos grupos etarios en un contexto en el que la mortalidad de la población por causas externas sigue una tendencia decreciente. Pese a lo alarmante de las cifras, en España no existe un Plan Nacional de Prevención del Suicidio, siendo las principales iniciativas para el abordaje de esta problemática de corte autonómico o local. El objetivo del presente estudio fue presentar el estado de la cuestión en lo relativo al abordaje del suicidio en España. METODOS: Se realizó una revisión en los principales buscadores, tanto generales (Google) como especializados (Psicodoc, Psicyinfo), introduciendo diversas palabras clave. Se filtraron los resultados excluyendo las iniciativas de corte local, incorporando solamente las intervenciones a nivel comunitario. Se analizó el contenido de los mismos y se expusieron los fundamentos de cada estrategia. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron un total de 22 intervenciones en 16 comunidades autónomas (todas a excepción de Murcia). CONCLUSIONES: Puede afirmarse la grave carencia existente en torno al tratamiento de la problemática del suicidio. En su mayor parte, las estrategias para trabajar sobre el suicidio están incorporadas dentro de los planes de salud mental. Es evidente la necesidad de seguir trabajando en el diseño de intervenciones eficaces e integrales, centradas en la prevención, y que aborden el fenómeno desde un enfoque multidisciplinar, estando específicamente centradas en el problema.


Assuntos
Suicídio , Planejamento em Saúde , Humanos , Espanha
4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31968533

RESUMO

The objective of the present study was to validate and adapt the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Stigma (AAQ-S) to the Spanish context. METHOD: The study included the participation of 1212 subjects, with an average age of 17.12 years old. RESULTS: The confirmatory factorial analysis revealed a number of adequate fit indices for the new version of the scale χ2/df = 3.24; Comparative Fit Index = 0.96; Incremental Fit Index = 0.96; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.060; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.035, in which the factorial structures displayed gender invariance. The two factors comprise the scale both exhibited high internal consistency (+0.90) and temporal stability. CONCLUSION: The Spanish version of the AAQ-S proved to be a robust and adequate psychometric instrument. In this sense, future lines of research focused on determining the role of psychological flexibility in stigma and the processes of change at the base of interventions could benefit substantially from the use of AAQ-S.


Assuntos
Estigma Social , Inquéritos e Questionários/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Análise Fatorial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espanha
5.
Psicol. conduct ; 28(1): 137-159, 2020. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-198752

RESUMO

Dentro de las terapias de tercera generación, la terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT por sus siglas en inglés) se ha consagrado como una de las más eficaces dados sus excelentes resultados y la multitud de áreas a las que puede aplicarse. En líneas generales, dicha terapia, pretende romper con el patrón de evitación experiencial, que supone responder literalmente al contenido de los eventos privados aversivos. El presente estudio presenta una intervención con ACT en un problema de tricotilomanía en una paciente, L., de 17 años. Tras 10 sesiones de intervención en las que se trabajan todos los componentes de ACT (desesperanza creativa, distanciamiento, clarificación de valores, yo como contexto, contacto con el momento presente, etc.), se observan más acciones encaminadas a la consecución de los valores y aunque no se informa una reducción del malestar, L. es capaz de contemplar los eventos privados sin responder literalmente ante la presencia de estos


Within third-generation therapies, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been enshrined as one of the most effective, given its excellent results and the multitude of areas to which it can be applied. In general, this therapy is intended to break the pattern of experiential avoidance, which means responding literally to the content of aversive private events. The present study presents an intervention with ACT in a problem of trichotillomania in a patient, L., 17 years of age. After 10 intervention sessions in which all the components of ACT are worked on (creative hopelessness, defusion, clarification of values, self as context, contact with the present moment, etc.), there are more actions aimed at achieving the values, and although a reduction in discomfort is not reported, L. is able to contemplate private events without literally responding to their presence


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Tricotilomania/terapia , Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso , Cooperação do Paciente , Inquéritos e Questionários , Satisfação do Paciente
6.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-192519

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: El suicidio constituye una de las problemáticas más acuciantes a nivel mundial, suponiendo uno de los principales retos sociales. En España, la mortalidad por suicidio constituye la primera causa de muerte externa, manteniéndose la tasa de suicidio relativamente estable o incluso aumentando en algunos grupos etarios en un contexto en el que la mortalidad de la población por causas externas sigue una tendencia decreciente. Pese a lo alarmante de las cifras, en España no existe un Plan Nacional de Prevención del Suicidio, siendo las principales iniciativas para el abordaje de esta problemática de corte autonómico o local. El objetivo del presente estudio fue presentar el estado de la cuestión en lo relativo al abordaje del suicidio en España. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una revisión en los principales buscadores, tanto generales (Google) como especializados (Psicodoc, Psicyinfo), introduciendo diversas palabras clave. Se filtraron los resultados excluyendo las iniciativas de corte local, incorporando solamente las intervenciones a nivel comunitario. Se analizó el contenido de los mismos y se expusieron los fundamentos de cada estrategia. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron un total de 22 intervenciones en 16 comunidades autónomas (todas a excepción de Murcia). CONCLUSIONES: Puede afirmarse la grave carencia existente en torno al tratamiento de la problemática del suicidio. En su mayor parte, las estrategias para trabajar sobre el suicidio están incorporadas dentro de los planes de salud mental. Es evidente la necesidad de seguir trabajando en el diseño de intervenciones eficaces e integrales, centradas en la prevención, y que aborden el fenómeno desde un enfoque multidisciplinar, estando específicamente centradas en el problema


OBJECTIVE: Suicide is one of the most pressing problems worldwide, one of the main social challenges. In Spain, suicide mortality is the leading cause of external death, maintaining the suicide rate relatively stable or even increasing in some age groups in a context in which the mortality of the population due to external causes follows a decreasing trend. Despite the alarming figures, in Spain there is no National Plan for Suicide Prevention, being the main initiatives to address this problem of regional or local court. The objective of the present study was to present the state of the matter regarding the approach to suicide in Spain. METHODS: A review was carried out in the main search engines, both general (Google) and specialized (Psicodoc, Psicyinfo), introducing several key words. The results were filtered excluding local court initiatives, incorporating interventions at the community level. Their content was analyzed and the foundations of each strategy were presented. RESULTS: A total of 22 interventions were found in 16 autonomous communities (all except Murcia). CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude the serious lack of treatment related to this problem. For the most part, strategies for working suicide are incorporated into Mental Health plans. The need to continue working on the design of effective and comprehensive interventions, focused on prevention that address the phenomenon from a multidisciplinary approach, specifically focused on the problem, is evident


Assuntos
Humanos , Planejamento em Saúde , Suicídio/prevenção & controle
7.
Cuad. psicol. deporte ; 19(1): 222-232, ene. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-183229

RESUMO

Según el informe de la OMS del 2018, más del 80% de los adolescentes no practican suficiente actividad física. Las clases de Educación Física deberían de ayudar a solventar este problema. Para ello, en este estudio, se pretende analizar la influencia del docente sobre la confianza, diversión, la motivación y la intención de ser físicamente activo en la adolescencia. En el presente estudio participaron 604 estudiantes entre los 13 y 19 años. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, un análisis de fiabilidad y un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explica las relaciones causales entre las variables. Los resultados muestran como el apoyo autonomía predice positivamente la confianza (ß = .56, p<.001), la diversión (ß = .29, p<.001) y la motivación (ß = .10, p<.05); mientras que el control psicológico predice negativamente la confianza (ß = -.17, p<.01), la diversión (ß = -.12, p<.001) y la motivación (ß = -.24, p<.001). La confianza predice positivamente la motivación (ß = .37, p<.01), de la misma manera, la diversión predice la motivación (ß = .74, p<.001), por último, la motivación predice de forma positiva la intención de ser físicamente activo (ß = .62, p<.001). En definitiva, el estudio muestra la influencia y la importancia del profesor de EF y de los procesos motivacionales y emocionales presentes en los adolescentes durante las clases de EF sobre la adopción de unos hábitos de vida activos


According to the WHO report of 2018, more than 80% of adolescents do not practice enough physical activity. Physical education classes should help solve this problem. For this, in this study, we intend to analyze the influence of the teacher on confidence, enjoyment, motivation and the intention of being physically active in adolescence. In the present study, 604 students between the ages of 13 and 19 participated. Descriptive statistical analyzes, a reliability analysis and a structural equation model that explains the causal relationships between the variables were performed. The results show how autonomy support positively predicts confidence (ß = .56, p <.001), enjoyment (ß = .29, p <.001) and motivation (ß = .10, p <.05) ; whereas psychological control predicts negatively confidence (ß = -.17, p <.01), enjoyment (ß = -.12, p <.001) and motivation (ß = -.24, p <.001 ). Confidence positively predicts motivation (ß = .37, p <.01), in the same way, enjoyment predicts motivation (ß = .74, p <.001), finally the motivation positively predicts the intention to be physically active (ß = .62, p <.001). In short, the study shows the influence and importance of the PE teacher and the motivational and emotional processes present in adolescents during PE classes on the adoption of active life habits


Segundo o relatório da OMS de 2018, mais de 80% dos adolescentes não praticam atividade física suficiente. Aulas de educação física devem ajudar a resolver este problema. Para isso, neste estudo, pretendemos analisar a influência do professor sobre a confiança, a diversão, a motivação e a intenção de ser fisicamente ativo na adolescência. No presente estudo, participaram 602 estudantes com idades entre 13 e 19 anos. Análises estatísticas descritivas, uma análise de confiabilidade e um modelo de equações estruturais que explica as relações causais entre as variáveis foram realizadas. Os resultados mostram como o apoio à autonomia prediz positivamente confiança (ß = .56, p <.001), diversão (ß = .29, p <.001) e motivação (ß = .10, p <.05) ; enquanto o controle psicológico prediz confiança negativa (ß = -.17, p <.01), diversão (ß = -.12, p <.001) e motivação (ß = -.24, p <.001 ). A confiança prediz positivamente a motivação (ß = 0,37, p <0,01), da mesma forma, a diversão prediz a motivação (ß = 0,74, p <0,001), enfim, a motivação prediz positivamente a intenção de ser fisicamente ativo (ß = 0,62, p <0,001). Em suma, o estudo mostra a influência e importância do professor de EF e dos processos motivacionais e emocionais presentes nos adolescentes durante as aulas de EF sobre a adoção de hábitos de vida ativos


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Esportes/psicologia , Educação Física e Treinamento/classificação , Tutoria/classificação , Docentes/psicologia , Motivação , Autonomia Pessoal , Confiança/psicologia , Intenção , Objetivos , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Emoções
8.
Clín. salud ; 28(1): 25-31, mar. 2017. tab, mapas, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-160906

RESUMO

El suicidio es la tercera causa de muerte en el grupo de edad de entre los 15 a los 29 años, superado sólo por las causas externas de mortalidad y los tumores, de acuerdo con el Instituto Nacional de Estadística. En los últimos datos disponibles se pone de manifiesto que 310 niños y jóvenes menores de 30 años se quitaron la vida, lo que supone un 7.77% del total de víctimas del suicidio. El presente artículo, pretende describir profusamente el estado de la cuestión a la luz de los datos disponibles en la literatura, partiendo del panorama general a nivel mundial. Se discuten las causas que pueden desembocar en este tipo de actos, señalándose la presencia de trastornos psicológicos, variables concretas de personalidad, la alta carga de estrés emocional y, especialmente, el bullying, últimamente desplazado por nuevas vertientes como el bullying electrónico o el sexting


Suicide is the third leading cause of death in the age group between 15 to 29 years, surpassed only by external causes of death and tumors according to the National Institute of Statistics. The latest data available shows that 310 children and young people under 30 took their own lives, which represents 7.77% of all suicide victims. This article aims to extensively describe the state of the art from the data available in the literature, based on the overview worldwide. The causes that can lead to such acts are discussed, indicating the presence of psychological disorders, specific personality variables, the high burden of emotional stress or bullying, lately displaced by new variants such as cyberbullying or sexting


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Suicídio/psicologia , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Tentativa de Suicídio/prevenção & controle , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Bullying/prevenção & controle , Bullying/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/complicações , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Transtornos Psicóticos Afetivos/complicações , Transtornos Psicóticos Afetivos/etiologia
9.
Apuntes psicol ; 33(3): 137-151, 2015. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-158363

RESUMO

La Teoría de la Mente (ToM), conceptuada como la habilidad de atribuir creencias, intenciones o emociones a uno mismo o a otros y ver estos estados mentales como la base de las acciones, así como las implicaciones de su afectación en la cognición social, se han puesto de relevancia en los últimos años en el ámbito de la esquizofrenia. Se presenta una revisión teórica de la literatura disponible publicada en los últimos cinco años (2010-2014). Se observa el predominio del modelo biomédico, interesado en encontrar las relaciones entre los déficits en habilidades de ToM y estructuras cerebrales. En líneas generales, puede concluirse que las habilidades de ToM, constituyen una variable predictora del funcionamiento social y global, pudiendo dar cuenta de la pobre comprensión del sarcasmo, el lenguaje figurativo y el humor en pacientes con esquizofrenia. Se determina la necesidad de establecer nuevos paradigmas, de corte interactivo y validez ecológica, superando las limitaciones de las medidas tradicionalmente utilizadas para evaluar la ToM, siendo fundamental la continuidad y el desarrollo de líneas de intervención


The Theory of Mind (ToM), conceptualized as the ability to attribute beliefs, intentions or emotions to oneself or others and understand these mental states as the basis of actions, and the implications of their involvement in social cognition, have been of importance in recent years in the field of schizophrenia. A theoretical review of the literature published in the last five years (2010-2014) is presented. The dominance of biomedical model is observed, interested in finding the relationship between deficits in ToM skills and brain structures. In general, it can be concluded that ToM skills, constitute a predictor of social and global functioning, and may account for the understanding of sarcasm, figurative language and mood in patients with schizophrenia. The need of new paradigms, of interactive orientation and ecological validity is determined, overcoming the limitations of traditional measures used to assess ToM. Continuity and development of lines of intervention are crucial


Assuntos
Humanos , Esquizofrenia , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Teoria da Mente , Habilidades Sociais , Linguagem do Esquizofrênico
10.
Apuntes psicol ; 32(1): 41-48, 2014. tab, ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-142198

RESUMO

El presente estudio pretende evaluar la toma de perspectiva en personas con esquizofrenia a través de una tarea de respuesta relacional deíctica y un test de atribución de estados mentales. Participaron doce personas con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia y doce personas sin diagnóstico clínico. Los resultados revelaron la presencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la ejecución de estas tareas. Los efectos de grupo permanecieron significativos tras examinar los posibles efectos del CI. La actuación en la tarea de respuesta relacional deíctica no permitió predecir de manera consistente la ejecución en la tarea de atribución de estados mentales en ambos grupos. Se discuten estos resultados, y se proponen líneas de estudio que supongan un avance hacia la conceptuación de la atribución de estados mentales en términos de la Teoría de los Marcos Relacionales (RFT)


The present study aims to assess perspective taking in people with schizophrenia through a deictic relational response task and a test of mental state attribution. The sample was composed by twelve people diagnosed with schizophrenia and twelve people without clinical diagnosis. The results revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in the execution of these tasks. The effects of group remained significant after considering the possible effects of CI. The acting in the deictic relational response task did not allow consistently predict the performance in the task of mental state attribution in both groups. We discuss these results, and suggests lines of study that advance towards the conceptualization of mental state attribution in terms of Relational Frame Theory (RFT)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Teoria Psicológica , Comportamento/classificação , Psicologia Experimental/classificação , Psicologia Experimental/métodos , Psicologia Experimental/tendências , Idioma , Testes de Linguagem/estatística & dados numéricos
11.
Int. j. psychol. psychol. ther. (Ed. impr.) ; 12(2): 157-172, jun. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-119219

RESUMO

The present study analyzes the transfer of the suppression function and its interference effect on a high cognitive demand task. Twelve participants were randomly assigned to the control and experimental conditions. In Phase 1, participants completed the questionnaires AAQ-II (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II) and WBSI (White Bear Suppression Inventory), and were exposed to a working memory task (TM-I) in which an abstract stimulus (B1), irrelevant for the task, appeared in several occasions. In Phase 2, experimental participants were instructed and trained in suppressing the thoughts related to B1. Control participants carried out the same task but without receiving the suppression instruction. Then, all participants were exposed to an aloud verbalization task and to the second memory task (TM-II). In Phase 3, all participants were trained and tested for the formation of two 4-member equivalence classes (Class 1: A1-B1-C1-D1; Class 2: A2-B2-C2-D2). In Phase 4, the test for transfer of functions, a second period of aloud verbalizations and the third memory task (TM-III; C1 stimulus appeared in this case) were carried out. Four of the 7 experimental participants showed the transfer of the suppression function. Unlike control participants, experimental participants did not significantly increase their performance along the three working memory tasks (AU)


El presente estudio analiza la transferencia de la función de supresión y su efecto en el rendimiento en una tarea de alta demanda cognitiva. Doce participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a las condiciones control y experimental. En la Fase 1, los participantes cumplimentaron los cuestionarios Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) y White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI), y realizaron una tarea de memoria de trabajo (TM-I) en la que un estímulo abstracto (B1), irrelevante para la tarea, aparecía en algunas ocasiones. En la Fase 2, se instruyó y entrenó a los participantes experimentales en la supresión de los pensamientos relacionados con B1. Los participantes controles realizaron la misma tarea pero sin recibir la instrucción de supresión. Ambas condiciones pasaron por un periodo de verbalizaciones en voz alta y realizaron una segunda tarea de memoria (TM-II). En la Fase 3, se entrenaron y evaluaron dos clases de equivalencia de 4 miembros (Clase 1: A1-B1-C1-D1; Clase 2: A2-B2-C2-D2). En la fase 4, se llevó a cabo el test de transferencia de la función de supresión dada a B1 en la condición experimental, así como se realizó un segundo periodo de verbalizaciones y una tercera tarea de memoria (TMIII; en este caso aparecía el estímulo C1). Cuatro de los 7 participantes experimentales mostraron la transferencia de la función de supresión. A diferencia de los participantes de la condición control, los participantes experimentales no incrementaron significativamente su rendimiento a lo largo de las tres tareas de memoria de trabajo (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Memória de Curto Prazo , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Função Executiva , Pensamento , Processos Mentais
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