[Fever in children; a guide to treatment]. / La fiebre en los niños. Guía de cuidados.

An exaggerated fear exists on behalf of parents of young children, aged 0 to 3, and sanitary professionals regarding fever and its complications; this fear is the origin of many mistaken beliefs and attitudes on how to handle and treat fever. For this reason, a Guide to Treatment has been developed by means of systematic reviews, from other clinical practice guides, and original documents over the past ten years related to handling young children who have fever. This Guide exclusively summarizes those nursing practices in handling young children having fever which are contemplated in scientific literature and which provide sufficient rigor to be taken into consideration in our nursing work.

La fiebre en los niños. Guía de cuidados / Fever in children; a guide to treatment

Existe un temor exagerado por parte de los padres de niños pequeños (0-3 años) y de los profesionales sanitarios a la fiebre y sus complicaciones, siendo éste el origen de muchas de las creencias y actitudes equivocadas en su manejo y tratamiento. Por ello, se ha elaborado una Guía de Cuidados mediante revisiones sistemáticas, de otras guías de práctica clínica, y originales de los últimos 10 años relacionados con el manejo del niño pequeño con fiebre. Esta Guía resume exclusivamente aquellas intervenciones enfermeras en el manejo del niño pequeño con fiebre contempladas por la literatura científica, que presentan el suficiente rigor como para ser tenidas en cuenta en nuestra labor asistencial(AU)

An exaggerated fear exists on behalf of parents of young children, aged 0 to 3, and sanitary professionals regarding fever and its complications; this fear is the origin of many mistaken beliefs and attitudes on how to handle and treat fever. For this reason, a Guide to Treatment has been developed by means of systematic reviews, from other clinical practice guides, and original documents over the past ten years related to handling young children who have fever. This Guide exclusively summarizes those nursing practices in handling young children having fever which are contemplated in scientific literature and which provide sufficient rigor to be taken into consideration in our nursing work(AU)

[Female stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy. A bibliographical review]. / Incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo en la gestante. Una revisión bibliográfica.

The authors have prepared a brief bibliographical review on female stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy. The high degree of incidence this disorder has and the introduction of the latest sanitary techniques combine to make necessary a profound review which aids medical professionals to realize the magnitude of this problem, as well as to diagnose and treat it effectively. Female stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy is an involuntary urine loss associated to the physical effort which an increase in abdominal pressure provokes. A literary review of articles related to this disorder leaves no doubt that among the risk factors which make a woman be predisposed to suffer female stress urinary incontinence, obstetric trauma as a consequence of pregnancy and birth is a main risk factor. The authors describe a couple of diagnostic tools, a ICIQ-SF questionnaire, and therapeutic tools, the pelvic floor muscle exercise program, whose effectiveness has been sufficiently demonstrated and may prove to have very beneficial clinical uses which can be applied in a nurse's office.

Incontinencia Urinaria de esfuerzo en la gestante. Una revisión bibliográfica / Female stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy. A bibliographical review

Se presenta una breve revisión bibliográfica sobre la Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo (IUE) asociada a la mujer gestante. La alta prevalencia de este trastorno y la introducción de novedosas técnicas sanitarias exige una profunda revisión que ayude a los profesionales de enfermería a tomar conciencia de la magnitud del problema, así como a diagnosticarlo y tratarlo eficazmente. La IUE es la pérdida involuntaria de orina asociada a un esfuerzo físico que provoca un aumento de la presión abdominal. La revisión de la literatura no deja lugar a dudas de que, entre los factores de riesgo que predisponen a una mujer a padecerla, el traumatismo obstétrico consecuencia del embarazo y parto es uno de los principales. Se presentan sendas herramientas diagnósticas (cuestionario ICIQ-SF) y terapéuticas (Entrena-miento Muscular del Suelo Pélvico) cuya efectividad ha sido demostrada suficientemente y que pueden resultar de gran utilidad clínica para su aplicación en la consulta de enfermería(AU)

The authors have prepared a brief bibliographical review on female stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy. The high degree of incidence this disorder has and the introduction of the latest sanitary techniques combine to make necessary a profound review which aids medical professionals to realize the magnitude of this problem, as well as to diagnose and treat it effectively. Female stress urinary incontinence during pregnancy is an involuntary urine loss associated to the physical effort which an increase in abdominal pressure provokes. A literary review of articles related to this disorder leaves no doubt that among the risk factors which make a woman be predisposed to suffer female stress urinary incontinence, obstetric trauma as a consequence of pregnancy and birth is a main risk factor. The authors describe a couple of diagnostic tools, a ICIQ-SF questionnaire, and therapeutic tools, the pelvic floor muscle exercise program, whose effectiveness has been sufficiently demonstrated and may prove to have very beneficial clinical uses which can be applied in a nurse’s office(AU)

[Intracranial pressure response during secretion aspiration after administration of a muscle relaxant]. / Respuesta de la presión intracraneal durante la aspiración de secreciones previa administración de un relajante muscular.

UNLABELLED: Aspiration of secretions is a usual nursing technique in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation that may be the cause of increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP). OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the repercussion of a muscle relaxant on ICP with secretion aspiration. METHOD: Clinical trial using the same patient as case and control, performing two endotracheal aspirations in each patients, on of them after administration of a muscle relaxant (Cis-Atracurium) and another no. The bolus administration of the relaxant in the first or second aspiration was done randomly. Thirteen patients with intraparenchymatous ICP measurement catheter were studied within the first 36 hours post-placement and with sedoanalgesia for a score of 6 on the Ramsay scale. ICP and CPP were measured before, during and after each aspiration. STATISTICAL METHOD: SPSS 11.0 program was used. Data analysis by Student's t test for paired data. Statistical significance level accepted was 95%. RESULTS: On comparing the cases in which muscle relaxant was administered with those in which it was not administered, statistically significant differences were found in the ICP and CCP values during secretion aspiration. CONCLUSIONS: According to the data obtained in the study, a lower increase of ICP was observed during secretion aspiration in those cases in which muscle relaxant was administered prior to the aspiration.

Respuesta de la presión intracraneal durante la aspiración de secreciones previa administración de un relajante muscular / Intracranial pressure response during secretion aspiration after administration of a muscle relaxant

La aspiración de secreciones es una técnica de enfermería habitual en los pacientes sometidos a ventilación mecánica, que puede ser causa de elevación de la presión intracraneal (PIC). Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es valorar la repercusión de un relajante muscular sobre la PIC ante la aspiración de secreciones. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico que tomaba al mismo paciente como caso y control, se realizaron 2 aspiraciones endotraqueales a cada paciente, una de ellas previa a la administración de un relajante muscular (cisatracurio) y otra no. La administración en bolo del relajante en la primera o segunda aspiración se realizó de forma aleatoria. Se estudiaron 13 pacientes portadores de catéter de medición de PIC intraparenquimatoso dentro de las primeras 36 h poscolocación y sedoanalgesiados para una puntuación de 6 en la escala de Ramsay. Se midió la PIC y la presión de perfusión cerebral (PPC) antes, durante y después de cada aspiración. Metodología estadística: se utilizó el programa SPSS 11.0. Análisis de datos mediante la t de Student para datos apareados. El nivel de significación estadística aceptado fue del 95%. Resultados: Al comparar los casos en los que se administró relajante muscular con los que no se administró, se encontraron diferencias significativas en los valores de PIC y PPC durante la aspiración de secreciones. Conclusiones: Según los datos obtenidos en el estudio, se ha observado menor aumento de la PIC durante la aspiración de secreciones en los casos en los que se administró el relajante muscular previo a la aspiración

Aspiration of secretions is a usual nursing technique in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation that may be the cause of increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP). Objective: This study aims to evaluate the repercussion of a muscle relaxant on ICP with secretion aspiration. Method: Clinical trial using the same patient as case and control, performing two endotracheal aspirations in each patients, on of them after administration of a muscle relaxant (Cis-Atracurium) and another no. The bolus administration of the relaxant in the first or second aspiration was done randomly. Thirteen patients with intraparenchymatous ICP measurement catheter were studied within the first 36 hours post-placement and with sedoanalgesia for a score of 6 on the Ramsay scale. ICP and CPP were measured before, during and after each aspiration. Statistical method: SPSS 11.0 program was used. Data analysis by Student's t test for paired data. Statistical significance level accepted was 95%. Results: On comparing the cases in which muscle relaxant was administered with those in which it was not administered, statistically significant differences were found in the ICP and CCP values during secretion aspiration. Conclusions: According to the data obtained in the study, a lower increase of ICP was observed during secretion aspiration in those cases in which muscle relaxant was administered prior to the aspiration