Mathematical assessment of monkeypox disease with the impact of vaccination using a fractional epidemiological modeling approach.

This present paper aims to examine various epidemiological aspects of the monkeypox viral infection using a fractional-order mathematical model. Initially, the model is formulated using integer-order nonlinear differential equations. The imperfect vaccination is considered for human population in the model formulation. The proposed model is then reformulated using a fractional order derivative with power law to gain a deeper understanding of disease dynamics. The values of the model parameters are determined from the cumulative reported monkeypox cases in the United States during the period from May 10th to October 10th, 2022. Besides this, some of the demographic parameters are evaluated from the population of the literature. We establish sufficient conditions to ensure the existence and uniqueness of the model's solution in the fractional case. Furthermore, the stability of the endemic equilibrium of the fractional monkeypox model is presented. The Lyapunov function approach is used to demonstrate the global stability of the model equilibria. Moreover, the fractional order model is numerically solved using an efficient numerical technique known as the fractional Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method. The numerical simulations are conducted using estimated parameters, considering various values of the fractional order of the Caputo derivative. The finding of this study reveals the impact of various model parameters and fractional order values on the dynamics and control of monkeypox.

New optimum solutions of nonlinear fractional acoustic wave equations via optimal homotopy asymptotic method-2 (OHAM-2).

The second iteration of the optimal homotopy asymptotic technique (OHAM-2) has been protracted to fractional order partial differential equations in this work for the first time (FPDEs). Without any transformation, the suggested approach can be used to solve fractional-order nonlinear Zakharov-Kuznetsov equations. The Caputo notion of the fractional-order derivative, whose values fall within the closed interval [0, 1], has been taken into consideration. The method's appeal is that it provides an approximate solution after just one iteration. The suggested method's numerical findings have been contrasted with those of the variational iteration method, residual power series method, and perturbation iteration method. Through tables and graphs, the proposed method's effectiveness and dependability are demonstrated.

Role Of Methylprednisolone In Early Predicted Diphtheric Cardiomyopathy In Children: Is This A Solution?

Background: Diphtheria remains an important cause of paediatric mortality in developing countries. The mortality rate is still 10% and has changed little over the past 20 years with particular reference to developed world. The objective of this study is to examine clinical spectrum of diphtheric cardiomyopathy and by using tools (serum markers, ECG, Echocardiography) to predict the cardiomyopathy and role of steroids in these predicted patients. Methods: For this cohort study, 67 patients having diphtheria presenting for the first time in a 3- year period were enrolled after obtaining informed verbal consent from the guardian of each child. Demographical profile, vaccination status, clinical spectrum, ECG interpretation and echocardiographic findings were recorded that predicted the occurrence of diphtheric cardiomyopathy and used intravenous methylprednisolone pulses in these predicted patients to look for their outcome regarding change in severity or the fate in the form of mortality. Results: Among the 67 enrolled children (M: F 2.3:1) with age ranging from 24 to 172 months (median 106 months), 56.7% subjects presented with diphtheria were non-vaccinated. 37.3% had a cardiac involvement in the form of diphtheria cardiomyopathy or arrhythmia.7.5% patient expired on follow up. Presence of septal paradoxes on echo had association with the cardiac involvement (OR 10.1: 95% CI 1.2-84.6; p=0.0005). IV methyl prednisolone was given in all 37.3% (n=25) patients predicted as diphtheric cardiomyopathy (Asymptomatic) and 88 %(n=22) had a favourable outcome with no morbidity and mortality. 12% (n=3) were expired and they presented with shock and VT as their first presentation (symptomatic). . Conclusion: Early prediction by alone or in combination of ECG and echocardiographic markers and early use of IV methyl prednisolone in these predicted patients before symptoms, can reduce the mortality related to diphtheric cardiomyopathy and can decrease the burden of the disease in the community. Further randomized controlled trials with a larger sample size are required to unambiguously delineate the prognostic value of steroids in early predicted diphtheric cardiomyopathy.

Comparative study of generalized couette flow of couple stress fluid using optimal homotopy asymptotic method and new iterative method.

In this research work, we have studied the steady generalized Couette flow of couple stress fluid between two parallel plates considering the non-isothermal effects. The governing equations that are, continuity, momentum and energy equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations. The Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) and New Iterative Method (NIM) are used to solve this coupled system of differential equations. Using the said methods, we have obtained expressions for velocity profile, temperature distribution, volume flux, average velocity and shear stress. The results of OHAM and NIM are compared numerically as well as graphically and a tremendous agreement is attained.

Overt long QT syndrome in children presenting with seizure disorders in Pakistan.

Background and Objective: The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a repolarization defect of heart involving potassium linked channels and it usually manifests clinically as seizures, syncope, or sudden cardiac death syndrome in children secondary to its characteristic ventricular tachy-arrhythmia like torsades de pointes. The reason behind epilepsy or seizures like activity in this disease is the sequelae of prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion secondary to the cardiac dysrhythmia. The aim of study is to look for clinical spectrum and risk factors associated with LQTS among children presenting with epilepsy, which can predict the early diagnosis of LQTS. Materials and Methods: For this observational study, 422 patients having epilepsy presenting for the first time in a 3-year period were enrolled. Demographical profile, LQTS measures, and various factors under observation were recorded. Results: Among the 422 enrolled children (M: F 1.8:1) with age ranging from 4 to 87 months (median 23 months), 8 (1.9%) children who presented with epilepsy had LQTS. Among those, mean QTc on electrocardiogram was 454 ± 31 msec and mean Schwartz score >3. Half of the patients with LQTS had deafness (P = 0.002) and 37.5% had a positive family history (P = 0.0045). Nearly a third (37.5%) presented with syncope and 87.5% patients with LQTS had no postictal drowsiness or sleep (P ≤ 0.004). Conclusions: LQTS is underestimated in children presenting with epilepsy and LQTS should be considered as an alternate diagnosis in children with recurrent seizures or syncopal attacks. The brief period of seizures with no postictal drowsiness, syncope, and strong family history are the features which may help in segregating LQTS from epilepsy.

Experimental Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Optimized Cutting Process Parameters and Cutting Conditions to Minimize Cutting Forces and Shape Deviations in Al6026-T9.

Precise, economical and sustainable cutting operations are highly desirable in the advanced manufacturing environment. For this aim, the present study investigated the influence of cutting parameters (i.e., the cutting speed (c), feed rate (f), depth of cut (d) and positive rake angle (p)) and sustainable cutting conditions (dry and minimum quantity lubricant (MQL)) on cutting forces (i.e., feed force (Ff), tangential forces (Ft), radial force (Fr) and resultant cutting forces (Fc) and shape deviations (i.e., circularity and cylindricity) of a 6026-T9 aluminum alloy. The type of lubricant and insert used are virgin olive oil and uncoated tungsten carbide tool. Turning experiments were performed on a TAKISAWA TC-1 CNC lathe machine and cutting forces were measured with the help of a Kistler 9257B dynamometer. Shape deviations were evaluated by means of a Tesa Micro-Hite 3D DCC 474 coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Experimental runs were planned based on Taguchi mixture orthogonal array design L16. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to study the statistical significance of cutting parameters. Taguchi based signal to noise (S/N) ratios are applied for optimization of single response, while for optimization of multiple responses Taguchi based signal to noise (S/N) ratios coupled with multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) and criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) are employed. ANOVA results revealed that feed rate, followed by a depth of cut, are the most influencing and contributing factors for all components of cutting forces (Ff, Ft, Fr, and Fc) and shape deviations (circularity and cylindricity). The optimized cutting parameters obtained for multi responses are c = 600 m/min, f = 0.1 mm/rev, d = 1 mm and p = 25°, while for cutting conditions, MQL is optimal.