RESUMO
Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is a disorder characterized by dystonia, parkinsonism, and iron accumulation in the brain. The disease is caused by mutations in gene encoding pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) and patients have pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. We present an 8-year-old boy with progressive muscle dystonia, neuroregression, frequent fall and multiple injury marks of different stages. Seizures are rare with PANK2. This child had seizure onset at 4 years of age and seizure free on valproate and levetricetam. The CT scan showed tiger eye appearance and mutations on PANK2 gene.
RESUMO
Crouzon syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern. Mutations in the FGFR2 gene are known to cause Crouzon syndrome. Craniofacial abnormalities are common at birth and may progress with time. The severity of these signs and symptoms varies among affected children. A full term, large for date, male baby was delivered to a gravida 2 mother by cesarean section having facial dimorphism suggestive of Crouzon syndrome. Genetic team confirmed the diagnosis. Baby had severe respiratory distress. On work up, upper bony airway narrowing was found (diameter 3 mm). Later on, baby was operated for the same. Baby is asymptomatic now and doing well up to 2 months of follow-up. Management of Crouzon disease is multidisciplinary and early diagnosis has prime importance. Follow-up must ensure late features like hearing problems, vision problems, dental problems, intelligence, cranial synostosis, and upper airway problems.
