[Diagnosis of parvovirus B19 infection in patients with secondary immunodeficiency diseases]. / Laboratornaia immunodiagnostika infektsii, vyzvannoi parvovirusom B19, u bol'nykh vtorichnymi immunodefitsitami.

The method of immune-enzyme assay was used to examine 113 patients with secondary immunodeficiency, including 16 HIV-infected drug-addicts (group 1), 36 patients with cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) and with immunoregating index CD4/CD8 below 1.0 (group 2), 30 patients with CMVI and with CD4/CD8 below 1.2 (group 3) and 31 patients with aplastic anemia and with anemia of unclear genesis (group 4), for parvovirus infection caused by parvovirus B19. As for groups 1 and 4, the antibodies were detected in 50 and 48.4% of cases; it is noteworthy that an active parvovirus infection was registered in the above groups more often than in groups 2 and 3. There were patients with the antibodies in group 2 by 1.8 times more than in group 3. It is suggested that the simultaneous impact of HIV, CMV and parvoviruses significantly aggravates the immunodeficiency and contributes to a more severe clinical course.

[Laboratory diagnostics of infections caused by cytomegalovirus and parvovirus B19 in patients with secondary immunodeficiency]. / Laboratornaia diagnostika infektsii, vyzvannykh tsitomegalovirusom i parvovirusom B19, u bol'nykh s vtorichnymi immunodefitsitami.

To improve the quality of diagnostics and treatment of patients with immunodeficient states, two groups of patients were examined for the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, among them 1,348--with clinical manifestations of CMV infection (group 1) and 335 hematological patients (group 2); in addition, 36 patients with secondary immunodeficiency and 31 patients with aplastic and hemolytic anemia, or with anemia of unclear origin were examined for the presence of parvovirusinfection (B19). The results of enzyme immunoassay, polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence tests active CMV infection, confirmed by determination of IgM, low avidity IgG, antigen and DNAemia, was registered in group 2 more often than in group 1. Examinations on the presence of parvovirus infection revealed that in anemia patients with the low level of IgG or its absence IgM was also detected more often than in group 1. In mixed infection caused by CMV and parvovirus B19 the disease took a more severe course than in monoinfection, which was probably due to the parallel action exerted by parvovirus on erythrocyte production in hematopoiesis and by CMV on the monocytic and macrophagal row of cell.

[The spread of hepatitis C markers among the population of regions of Russia and Central Asia]. / Rasprostranenie markerov gepatita C sredi naseleniia nekotorykh regionov Rossii i Srednei Azii.

A total of 2,217 blood serum samples taken from the population of some regions of the former USSR were studied for the presence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) with the use of a commercial enzyme immunoassay system (obtained from Ortho, Japan). Perceptible changes in the detection rate of these antibodies throughout the territory of the former USSR were established. Most frequently anti-HCV antibodies were detected among the population of the republics of Central Asia (5.3-2.9%), as well as Tuva and Yakutia (2.5-3.0%), their lowest detection rate was in Moscow (1.3%). In Moscow the results of the assay in adults were positive twice as frequently as in children, and in donors with an elevated level of alanine-transferase activity the presence of these antibodies was confirmed in 8.9% of cases. The frequency of the confirmation of the presence of anti-HCV antibodies by recombinant immunoblotting was 70.7% in all positive sera and 100% in the sera from a group of donors with an elevated enzyme level. In many respects coincidence between the regularities in the spread of viral hepatitic C and hepatitides B, D was noted.

[Interactions of sulfanilamides, penicillins and acetylsalicylic acid in serum protein binding]. / Vzaimodeistvie sul'fanilamidov, penitsillinov i atsetilsalitsilovoi kisloty pri sviazyvanii ikh syvorotochnymi belkami.

Combined use of sulfalen and sulfadimethoxine with benzylpenicillin and ampicillin resulted in increased binding of sulfalen to serum proteins of man. Acetylsalicylic acid promoted a decrease in the sulfanilamide binding to the serum proteins. The observed changes in the sulfanilamide binding to proteins of human blood serum were due to increased or decreased affinity of the drugs to the protein molecules.

[Rifampicin pharmacokinetics in experimental hepatitis]. / Izuchenie farmakokinetiki rifampitsina pri éksperimental'nom gepatite.

Rifampicin pharmacokinetics in rats with acute affection of the liver with carbon tetrachloride did not alter. Chronic affection with carbon tetrachloride resulted in retarded elimination of the antibiotic from blood. There was observed no relationship between increased activities of transamination enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in blood serum of animals and changes in rifampicin pharmacokinetics.

[Pharmacokinetics of sulfalene and sulfamethoxine after combined administration with benzylpenicillin and ampicillin]. / Farmakokinetika sul'falena i sul'fadimetoksina pri kombinirovannom primenenii s benzilpenitsillinom i ampitsillinom.

The binding of sulfadimethoxine by serum proteins of rabbits did not change in the presence of benzylpenicillin and ampicillin, while the binding of sulfalen increased. The 1.2-2-fold decrease in the proportion of sulfalen not bound by blood proteins was accompanied by its acetylation in rabbits. This in its turn resulted in a decreased rate of the drug elimination. The penicillins did not change the kinetics of sulfadimethoxine in rabbits. When the dose of sulfadimethoxine was increased 2 times, the rate of its elimination in rabbits increased, which is likely to be due to increased acetylation of the drug. This may be associated with the increased level of the free sulfadimethoxine fraction in the blood because of the drug lower binding by serum proteins. When the dose of sulfalen was increased 2 times, its kinetics in rabbits did not change.

[Effect of acetylsalicylic acid on sulfalene and sulfadimethoxine binding by serum proteins and on their kinetics in rabbits]. / O vliianii atsetilsalitsilovoi kisloty na sviazyvanie sul'falena i sul'fadimetoksina syvorotochnymi belkami i na ikh kinetiku u krolikov.

The use of sulfalen and sulfadimethoxine in combination with acetylsalicylic acid resulted in the decreased binding of the sulfanilamides by serum proteins, most pronounced with respect to sulfadimethoxine. The decreased binding of the drugs by serum proteins in rabbits was accompanied by decreased elimination of sulfalen and increased excretion of sulfadimethoxine from the host. The different effect of acetylsalicylic acid on the kinetics of sulfalen and sulfadimethoxine in the rabbits was partially due to the unequivalent effect of the decreased binding of the sulfanilamides by the serum proteins on their combined use.

[Pharmacokinetics of penicillins following combined administration with sulfanilamides]. / Farmakokinetika penitsillinov pri kombinirovannom primenenii s sul'fanilamidami.

Combined use of benzylpenicillin or ampicillin with sulfalen or sulfadimethoxine resulted in a decreased binding of the antibiotics to the blood serum proteins and slower elimination of penicillins from the experimental rabbits. It is quite possible that the decreased levels of the antibiotic binding to the proteins caused their slower elimination rates, which was realized by increasing the volume of the drug distribution mainly at the expense of the peripheral compartment and decreased excretion with the urine.

[Pharmacokinetics of cefamandole in rabbits]. / Farmakokinetika tsefamandola v organizme krolikov.

The pharmacokinetics of cephamandol administered intramuscularly in single doses of 5 or 20 mg/kg and intravenously in a single dose of 5 mg/kg was studied on rabbits. When the antibiotic was administered intramuscularly, a one-compartment model was used for determination of the parameters of the antibiotic pharmacokinetics in the blood serum, while on intravenous administration of the antibiotic a two-compartment model was used. It was found that the rate of cephamandol elimination after intramuscular administration did not depend on the drug dose. The antibiotic half-life was 34-37 minutes. The apparent volume of the antibiotic distribution after intramuscular administration was 0.31-0.71 ml/g. After intravenous injection of cephamandol the apparent volume of its distribution in the central compartment was 0.27 ml/g. The stationary and kinetic volumes of the antibiotic distribution were 0.36 and 0.46 ml/g, respectively. The average values of the antibiotic elimination constant, the constant of the antibiotic passage from the central compartment to the peripheral one and vice versa were 0.0446, 0.0193 and 0.0546 min-1, respectively. After intravenous injection the rate of cephamandol elimination from the rabbit blood was higher: the antibiotic half-life after intravenous injection was 26.1 min.