RESUMO
Objetivos: Analizar el estigma asociado a la enfermedad mental. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión integradora de carácter descriptivo, realizando una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando palabras clave relacionadas con el estigma social, el estigma personal y la enfermedad mental. Resultados: Tras la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión establecidos, se seleccionaron y estudiaron un total de 21 artículos. Conclusiones: La literatura consultada muestra que el estigma hacia los trastornos mentales sigue siendo un problema en la sociedad actual, y que acarrea graves consecuencias tanto para los pacientes como para sus familiares (AU)
Objectives: To analyze the stigma associated with mental illness. Methodology: An integrative descriptive review was carried out. The bibliographic search was accomplished using keywords related to social stigma, personal stigma and mental illness. Results: After applying the established inclusion criteria, a total of 21 articles were selected and studied. Conclusions: The spoted literature shows that stigma towards mental disorders continues to be a problem in todays society, and that it has serious consequences for both patients and their families (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Estigma Social , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Autoimagem , EstereotipagemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) has been shown to be efficacious. Moreover, CCBT can be enhanced by using physiological and activity sensors, but there is no evidence about the acceptability of all these tools. The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy, expectations, satisfaction, and ease of use of an Internet-based CCBT program for preventing depression, with and without sensors (electroencephalography, electrocardiograhpy ECG, and actigraphy), in a high-risk population (unemployed men). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty participants at risk of depression (unemployed men) were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: 1) intervention program (N=22), 2) intervention program plus sensors (N=19), and 3) control group (N=19). Participants completed depression, anxiety, positive and negative affect, and perceived stress measures. Furthermore, they also completed the measures for expectation, satisfaction, and the ease of use of the program. RESULTS: Results showed that the two intervention groups improved significantly more than the control group on the clinical variables, and the improvements were greater in the group that used sensors than in the group that did not use them. Furthermore, participants in both intervention groups scored high on expectations and satisfaction with the CCBT program (with and without sensors). The mean score for usability was 88 out of 100 (standard deviation =12.32). No significant differences were found between groups on any of these variables. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to analyze the efficacy, expectations, satisfaction, and ease of use of an Internet-based program using physiological and activity sensors. These results suggest that an Internet program for depression with or without physiological and activity sensors is effective, satisfactory, and easy to use.
RESUMO
Algunos de los miedos presentes en la infancia se mantienen y provocan un malestar significativo e interfieren en la vida diaria del niño, entre ellos las fobias específicas a los animales. Existen tratamientos bien establecidos basados en la exposición para este problema (Davis, May y Whiting, 2011). No obstante, uno de los problemas que presentan, es la no aceptación en muchos casos por parte de los pacientes, ya que los encuentran demasiado aversivos. Los avances en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) han permitido desarrollar nuevos procedimientos que se están aplicando con éxito en el tratamiento de fobias específicas en adultos. Sin embargo, existen escasas investigaciones sobre el empleo de las TICs en niños. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar, en un estudio de N= 1, si el uso de imágenes, juegos de ordenador y realidad aumentada puede facilitar el tratamiento de la fobia a los animales pequeños y ayudar a preparar a los niños para que sean capaces de realizar la exposición envivo al animal temido
Some of the fears present during childhood remain and cause significant distress and interfere in the childs daily life, including specific animal phobias. Well-established treatments based on exposure are available for this problem (Davis, May, & Whiting, 2011). However, one of the main problems treatments face is the frequent rejection by patients because they consider them too aversive. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have managed to develop new procedures which are being implemented successfully in the treatment of specific phobias in adults. However, there is little research in the use of ICTs in children. The aim of this paper is to assess in a N= 1 study whether the use of images, computer games, and Augmented Reality can facilitate the treatment of fear to small animals and help to prepare the children to be able to conduct in vivo exposure to the feared animal
