Measuring productivity loss due to health: a multi-method approach.

OBJECTIVE: Although current assessments of health-related productivity loss (HRPL) are useful for some jobs, an alternate approach is suggested for certain types of jobs, such as managerial or knowledge workers. A decision approach is also needed to determine which methodology to use. METHOD: The authors applied some established human performance theories to modify HRPL measurement methodology to improve the HRPL cost estimates. RESULTS: A model is proposed to aid decision-making on whether to use current HRPL measures or apply a multi-method approach that involves using a hybrid of current and new methodologies. A decision framework for determining which HRPL methods to use with different jobs is included. CONCLUSIONS: HRPL measurement precision may be improved by incorporating additional approaches to obtain more accurate calculations of ROI.

Remote physiological monitoring: clinical, financial, and behavioral outcomes in a heart failure population.

This article reports on the outcomes associated with remote physiological monitoring (RPM) conducted as part of a heart failure disease management program. Claims data, medical records, data transmission records, and survey results for 91 individuals ages 50-92 (mean 74 years) successfully completing a heart failure RPM program were analyzed for time periods before, during, and after the monitoring intervention. The program was associated with significant reductions in per member per month costs and emergency room and hospital utilization. More detailed analyses were performed for specific gender and age subgroups. Participant surveys indicated high levels of satisfaction, and improvements in self-perceived health status, self-efficacy, and self-management behaviors. This study is the first to assess the impact of a RPM program following removal of the monitoring equipment. The results indicate that RPM, as a component of a traditional disease management program, has a sustained, beneficial effect on participants' lifestyles after the monitoring period has ended.