Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of pathogens isolated from patients with urine tract infections admitted to a university hospital in a medium-sized Brazilian city.

This study aimed to determine the antibiotic profile of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of patients with community urine tract infections (UTI) admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Carlos to support an appropriate local empirical treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to October 2020. Data from 1,528 positive urine cultures for bacterial pathogens and antibiograms were tabulated. Bacterial species prevalence and their resistance profile were analyzed and compared by sex and age. For Gram-negative fermenting bacteria, resistance rates were compared between patients with previous hospitalization and the total of infections caused by this group. For comparisons, the Chi-square test was performed, using Fisher's exact test when necessary (BioEstat program, adopting p ≤ 0.05). A multivariate analysis was applied to assess the effect of the studied variables in predicting multidrug resistance. Infections were more prevalent in women and older adults. Gram-negative bacteria represented 90.44% of total cultures. In both sexes, E. coli prevalence was significantly higher in adults compared with older adults (p < 0.0001). For several antibiotics, resistance rates were higher in the older adults compared with other ages and in patients with Gram-negative fermenting infections and previous hospitalization compared with the total of infections by this group of bacteria. The closer to the hospitalization, the higher the number of antibiotics with superior resistance rates. Resistance rates for aminoglycosides, carbapenems, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin+tazobactam, and fosfomycin were less than 20%, considered adequate for empirical treatment. Only hospitalization in the previous 90 days was statistically significant in predicting infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of pathogens isolated from patients with urine tract infections admitted to a university hospital in a medium-sized Brazilian city

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the antibiotic profile of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of patients with community urine tract infections (UTI) admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Carlos to support an appropriate local empirical treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to October 2020. Data from 1,528 positive urine cultures for bacterial pathogens and antibiograms were tabulated. Bacterial species prevalence and their resistance profile were analyzed and compared by sex and age. For Gram-negative fermenting bacteria, resistance rates were compared between patients with previous hospitalization and the total of infections caused by this group. For comparisons, the Chi-square test was performed, using Fisher's exact test when necessary (BioEstat program, adopting p ≤ 0.05). A multivariate analysis was applied to assess the effect of the studied variables in predicting multidrug resistance. Infections were more prevalent in women and older adults. Gram-negative bacteria represented 90.44% of total cultures. In both sexes, E. coli prevalence was significantly higher in adults compared with older adults (p < 0.0001). For several antibiotics, resistance rates were higher in the older adults compared with other ages and in patients with Gram-negative fermenting infections and previous hospitalization compared with the total of infections by this group of bacteria. The closer to the hospitalization, the higher the number of antibiotics with superior resistance rates. Resistance rates for aminoglycosides, carbapenems, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin+tazobactam, and fosfomycin were less than 20%, considered adequate for empirical treatment. Only hospitalization in the previous 90 days was statistically significant in predicting infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Sexual function in Brazilian female adolescents and young adults: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the sexual function of Brazilian adolescents and young women who were using popular contraceptive methods. METHODS: This cross-sectional study took place in 2012-2014 in a free family planning clinic of a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. Participants were female adolescents (10-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years) who were using barrier (condom) or hormonal contraceptive methods. The Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire was used to assess the sexual function in the last 4 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 199 women (128 adolescents and 71 young adults) were included. There were no significant differences in the mean total Female Sexual Function Index scores of adolescents and young adults (26.6±5.7 versus 27.6±6.2, respectively, p=0.264). Compared to young adults, adolescents had significantly lower mean scores for orgasm (3.9±1.5 versus 4.4±1.4, p=0.020) and dyspareunia (4.4±1.6 versus 5.2±1.5, p=0.001; lower scores indicate more dyspareunia). There were no significant differences in the proportion of adolescents versus adults classified as being at risk for sexual dysfunction (38.3 versus 42.3%, p=0.651) or at risk of low desire (18.0 versus 21.1%, p=0.579). CONCLUSION: Nearly 40% of Brazilian female adolescents and young adults are at risk for sexual dysfunctional symptoms and 19% have low desire, without significant differences between the two age groups.

Sexual function in Brazilian female adolescents and young adults: a cross-sectional study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the sexual function of Brazilian adolescents and young women who were using popular contraceptive methods. METHODS: This cross-sectional study took place in 2012-2014 in a free family planning clinic of a tertiary teaching hospital in Brazil. Participants were female adolescents (10-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years) who were using barrier (condom) or hormonal contraceptive methods. The Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire was used to assess the sexual function in the last 4 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 199 women (128 adolescents and 71 young adults) were included. There were no significant differences in the mean total Female Sexual Function Index scores of adolescents and young adults (26.6±5.7 versus 27.6±6.2, respectively, p=0.264). Compared to young adults, adolescents had significantly lower mean scores for orgasm (3.9±1.5 versus 4.4±1.4, p=0.020) and dyspareunia (4.4±1.6 versus 5.2±1.5, p=0.001; lower scores indicate more dyspareunia). There were no significant differences in the proportion of adolescents versus adults classified as being at risk for sexual dysfunction (38.3 versus 42.3%, p=0.651) or at risk of low desire (18.0 versus 21.1%, p=0.579). CONCLUSION: Nearly 40% of Brazilian female adolescents and young adults are at risk for sexual dysfunctional symptoms and 19% have low desire, without significant differences between the two age groups.

Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: IV. Infraorder Anomura: Superfamilies Chirostyloidea, Galatheoidea, Hippoidea and Paguroidea.

This checklist is the fourth contribution resulting from a long-term multidisciplinary project which combined morphological analyses and molecular techniques (mitochondrial DNA markers) for accurate identification of marine and coastal decapod crustaceans of São Paulo State (Brazil). We provide a list of 63 species of the following 11 families of 4 superfamilies of Anomura: Albuneidae (4 spp.), Blepharipodidae (1 sp.), Chirostylidae (1 sp.), Diogenidae (18 spp.), Hippidae (1 sp.), Munididae (8 spp.), Munidopsidae (1 sp.), Paguridae (13 spp.), Parapaguridae (2 spp.), Porcellanidae (13 spp.), and Pylochelidae (1 sp.). Seven species previously reported from the region were neither collected nor found in museum collections during our study, including one (Sympagurus dimorphus) that we suggest to be removed from São Paulo coast fauna lists. We generated new sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (barcode region) and 16S genes of 44 species. This anomuran inventory may serve as guideline for future studies on taxonomy, conservation, population genetics, biogeography, and phylogenetics, which might flag species that deserve further investigations and concerns.

Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802.

This checklist is the third part of a series derived from a long-term multidisciplinary project on the biodiversity of decapod crustaceans from marine and coastal environments of São Paulo state (Brazil). We integrated molecular techniques (DNA markers) and morphological analyses of adult specimens for accurate identifications. We compilated 185 species from the literature, but we confirmed the presence of 168 species: 130 of which we sampled, analyzed and obtained sequences (COI and/or 16S totalizing 113 sequences) and 38 that were not directly collected but were confirmed by analyses. In addition, 27 had their distribution removed from São Paulo due to uncertainties, and absence of material as voucher. Five species were reported for the first time on the coast of São Paulo (Calappa ocellata, Neohelice granulata, Teleophrys pococki, Teramnonotus monodi, Tetraxanthus rathbunae) and one on the Brazilian coast (Pseudomedaeus agassizi). Most of the non-sampled species previously reported on the coast of São Paulo might be considered doubtful records stablished in the past by inaccurate analyses, which assumed extended distribution to the area and/or misidentifications. At this time and based on our refined compilation, we can estimate the brachyuran diversity on the coast of São Paulo in 168 species. This detailed inventory contributes to the knowledge on the local decapod fauna by checking available dataset, adding new species records in São Paulo and new sequences to GenBank database. These data may serve as baseline for future identifications and studies on conservation, population genetics, biogeography and phylogenetics, which might flag species that deserve further investigations and concerns.

DNA sequence database as a tool to identify decapod crustaceans on the São Paulo coastline.

DNA barcoding has emerged as an efficient tool for taxonomy and other biodiversity fields. The vast and speciose group of decapod crustaceans is not an exception in the current scenario and comparing short DNA fragments has enabled researchers to overcome some taxonomic impediments to help broadening knowledge on the diversity of this group of crustaceans. Brazil is considered as an important area in terms of global marine biodiversity and some regions stand out in terms of decapod fauna, such as the São Paulo coastline. Thus, the aim of this study is to obtain sequences of the mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S) for decapod crustaceans distributed at the São Paulo coastline and to test the accuracy of these markers for species identification from this region by comparing our sequences to those already present in the GenBank database. We sampled along almost the 300 km of the São Paulo coastline from estuaries to offshore islands during the development of a multidisciplinary research project that took place for 5 years. All the species were processed to obtain the DNA sequences. The diversity of the decapod fauna on the São Paulo coastline comprises at least 404 species. We were able to collect 256 of those species and sequence of at least one of the target genes from 221. By testing the accuracy of these two DNA markers as a tool for identification, we were able to check our own identifications, including new records in GenBank, spot potential mistakes in GenBank, and detect potential new species.

Inferring population connectivity across the range of distribution of the stiletto shrimp Artemesialonginaris Spence Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Penaeidae) from DNA barcoding: implications for fishery management.

Artemesialonginaris is a marine shrimp endemic to the southwestern Atlantic and distributed from Atafona, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) to Rawson, Chubut (Argentina). In recent years, this species has become an important target of the commercial fishery as a consequence of the decline in the fishery of more traditional and profitable marine shrimps. In addition, phenotypic variations have been documented in populations along its distribution. Therefore, investigations on the genetics of the fishing stocks are necessary for the development of sustainable management strategies and for understanding the possible sources of these variations. The mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) was used to search for evidence of genetic structure among the populations of Artemesialonginaris and to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among them. A total of 60 specimens were collected from seven different localities, covering its geographical range. The final alignment showed 53 haplotypes (48 individuals and 5 shared), with no biogeographical pattern. The low genetic divergence found, with a non-significant FST value, also suggests the absence of population structure for this gene. These findings indicate a continuous gene flow among the populations analyzed, suggesting that the phenotypic variation is a consequence of different environmental conditions among the localities.

Gravidez e maternidade de adolescentes: fatores de risco e de proteção / Pregnancy and maternity of adolescents: risk and protector factors

INTRODUÇÃO: a procriação na adolescência é parte das preocupações relativas à saúde e desenvolvimento de jovens, a despeito de seu significado não necessariamente negativo. OBJETIVO: o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar competência, problemas psicológicos e indicativos de fatores de risco e de proteção ao desenvolvimento num grupo de adolescentes grávidas e mães. MÉTODO: com uso do Youth Self Report (YSR) e da Escala de fatores de proteção/risco na maternidade adolescente (FRIP), foram pesquisadas 46 adolescentes de 13 a 18 anos, usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde da Baixada Santista: 27 gestantes primigestas e 19 mães primíparas com filhos menores de um ano. RESULTADO: níveis de competência foram menores nas adolescentes gestantes e mães mais pobres. A pobreza não ficou associada a indicadores de problemas psicológicos, que foram avaliados na amostra com tendência à faixa de normalidade. As mães apresentaram referências de qualidades pessoais em níveis significativamente maiores do que as gestantes. Esperanças e sonhos para a própria vida além do contato positivo com a família e com o pai da criança foram fatores de proteção apontados, enquanto proximidade de moradia ao tráfico de entorpecentes foi o principal fator de risco identificado. CONCLUSÃO: fatores de proteção nos contextos ambientais das adolescentes pesquisadas podem estar interrelacionados ao desenvolvimento da competência, importante recurso frente à situação da maternidade de adolescentes(AU)

Gravidez e maternidade de adolescentes: fatores de risco e de proteção / Pregnancy and maternity of adolescents: risk and protector factors

INTRODUÇÃO: a procriação na adolescência é parte das preocupações relativas à saúde e desenvolvimento de jovens, a despeito de seu significado não necessariamente negativo. OBJETIVO: o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar competência, problemas psicológicos e indicativos de fatores de risco e de proteção ao desenvolvimento num grupo de adolescentes grávidas e mães. MÉTODO: com uso do Youth Self Report (YSR) e da Escala de fatores de proteção/risco na maternidade adolescente (FRIP), foram pesquisadas 46 adolescentes de 13 a 18 anos, usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde da Baixada Santista: 27 gestantes primigestas e 19 mães primíparas com filhos menores de um ano. RESULTADO: níveis de competência foram menores nas adolescentes gestantes e mães mais pobres. A pobreza não ficou associada a indicadores de problemas psicológicos, que foram avaliados na amostra com tendência à faixa de normalidade. As mães apresentaram referências de qualidades pessoais em níveis significativamente maiores do que as gestantes. Esperanças e sonhos para a própria vida além do contato positivo com a família e com o pai da criança foram fatores de proteção apontados, enquanto proximidade de moradia ao tráfico de entorpecentes foi o principal fator de risco identificado. CONCLUSÃO: fatores de proteção nos contextos ambientais das adolescentes pesquisadas podem estar interrelacionados ao desenvolvimento da competência, importante recurso frente à situação da maternidade de adolescentes

Gravidez e maternidade de adolescentes: fatores de risco e de proteção / Pregnancy and maternity of adolescents: risk and protector factors

INTRODUÇÃO: a procriação na adolescência é parte das preocupações relativas à saúde e desenvolvimento de jovens, a despeito de seu significado não necessariamente negativo. OBJETIVO: o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar competência, problemas psicológicos e indicativos de fatores de risco e de proteção ao desenvolvimento num grupo de adolescentes grávidas e mães. MÉTODO: com uso do Youth Self Report (YSR) e da Escala de fatores de proteção/risco na maternidade adolescente (FRIP), foram pesquisadas 46 adolescentes de 13 a 18 anos, usuárias de serviços públicos de saúde da Baixada Santista: 27 gestantes primigestas e 19 mães primíparas com filhos menores de um ano. RESULTADO: níveis de competência foram menores nas adolescentes gestantes e mães mais pobres. A pobreza não ficou associada a indicadores de problemas psicológicos, que foram avaliados na amostra com tendência à faixa de normalidade. As mães apresentaram referências de qualidades pessoais em níveis significativamente maiores do que as gestantes. Esperanças e sonhos para a própria vida além do contato positivo com a família e com o pai da criança foram fatores de proteção apontados, enquanto proximidade de moradia ao tráfico de entorpecentes foi o principal fator de risco identificado. CONCLUSÃO: fatores de proteção nos contextos ambientais das adolescentes pesquisadas podem estar interrelacionados ao desenvolvimento da competência, importante recurso frente à situação da maternidade de adolescentes.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: breeding in adolescence is among the concerns related to youth development and health, not necessarily with a negative significance. OBJECTIVE: the present study researched competence data, psychological problems and indicative of risk and protection factors inside a group of pregnant teenagers and teen mothers. METHOD: for that purpose, the Youth Self Report (YSR) and a scale of risk/protection factors during teen maternity (FRIP) were used. We surveyed 46 adolescents between 13 and 18 years, users of health services offered in Santos (SP) region: 27 at first pregnancy and 19 with firstborns under one year of age. RESULTS: the level of competence was lower among poorer adolescents, were they pregnant or mothers. Poverty was not associated with indicators of psychological problems, which were evaluated within a normality range by the YSR. Mothers presented self reference of personal qualities in levels significantly higher than the pregnant girls. Risk / protection factors involving environmental systems were indicated. Claims of hope and dreams about their own lives besides positive contacts with their families and with the fathers of their children were appointed as protection factors, while the proximity of their households to the traffic of drugs was the main risk factor identified. CONCLUSION: p rotection factors derived from the environmental contextures of the adolescents researched might be related to the development of the competence, an important resource regarding the situation of adolescent motherhood.(AU)