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BACKGROUND: Undergraduate Pathology training in medicine is based on modalities centered on the teacher and associated with controlled motivation, with low satisfaction with the educational process. According to the Self-determination Theory, an early participation with responsibilities in clinical practice and an educational environment that promotes autonomy and basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNS), would generate intrinsic motivation. AIM: To develop an educational intervention based on the pathologists' workplace model, which supports a learning environment intended to the satisfaction of BPNS in medical students. To evaluate the results of the intervention on the levels of motivation and satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the first phase of the study, an educational modality focused on the student was planned, consisting of the design of a pathological clinical case (DPC), performing the specialist's steps under minimal supervision and a contextualized environment. In the second phase, the level of satisfaction (Scale of student experience) and intrinsic motivation in 3rd year medical students was evaluated. RESULTS: After the intervention, 99 students showed high levels of satisfaction (94% of agreement) and intrinsic motivation (6.7 of 7 points), including all sub-scales. They considered that their competences had increased and assessed the intervention as useful. CONCLUSIONS: DPC is an innovative, feasible and attractive methodology for Pathology learning, with a high degree of satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. This experience can be extended to similar disciplines.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Motivação , Satisfação Pessoal , Autonomia Pessoal , AprendizagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Undergraduate Pathology training in medicine is based on modalities centered on the teacher and associated with controlled motivation, with low satisfaction with the educational process. According to the Self-determination Theory, an early participation with responsibilities in clinical practice and an educational environment that promotes autonomy and basic psychological needs satisfaction (BPNS), would generate intrinsic motivation. AIM: To develop an educational intervention based on the pathologists' workplace model, which supports a learning environment intended to the satisfaction of BPNS in medical students. To evaluate the results of the intervention on the levels of motivation and satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the first phase of the study, an educational modality focused on the student was planned, consisting of the design of a pathological clinical case (DPC), performing the specialist's steps under minimal supervision and a contextualized environment. In the second phase, the level of satisfaction (Scale of student experience) and intrinsic motivation in 3rd year medical students was evaluated. RESULTS: After the intervention, 99 students showed high levels of satisfaction (94% of agreement) and intrinsic motivation (6.7 of 7 points), including all sub-scales. They considered that their competences had increased and assessed the intervention as useful. CONCLUSIONS: DPC is an innovative, feasible and attractive methodology for Pathology learning, with a high degree of satisfaction and intrinsic motivation. This experience can be extended to similar disciplines.
Assuntos
Motivação , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Aprendizagem , Autonomia Pessoal , Satisfação PessoalRESUMO
Research on contingency management is limited due to feasibility issues with monitoring adherence. Incentives usually depend on objective measures to verify compliance; therefore, biological markers for identifying alcohol use are not as dependable for the use of financial contingency studies. The Secure Continuous Remote Alcohol Monitor (SCRAM) is an objective alcohol biosensor that can be locked onto a person's ankle to address these limitations. In preparation for a large, contingency management study for HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons with heavy drinking, the aims for the study were to (1) explore barriers and facilitators to participating in a contingency management intervention using the SCRAM ankle monitor as the potential alcohol measure for the intervention; (2) explore levels of appropriate compensation for using the SCRAM and for study assessments as part of a contingency management intervention study; and (3) attitudes and beliefs on lifestyle changes as a consequence of wearing the SCRAM among HIV-positive and HIV-negative heavy drinkers in Florida. Five focus groups were conducted and we collected qualitative data from thirty-seven individuals (18 men; 19 women). During the analysis, six themes were identified as barriers and facilitators for participation in a contingency management intervention using the SCRAM sensor to measure alcohol use: (1) health assessment, (2) monetary incentives including payment structure and levels of compensation, (3) stigma associated with wearing the SCRAM sensor, (4) aesthetics and other related concerns with wearing the SCRAM sensor, (5) motivation to stop drinking, and (6) social support. Stigma was a major barrier for wearing the SCRAM sensor; however, if participants were motivated to change their behavior then the monetary incentives became a facilitator to wearing the sensor. In addition to the financial contingency method, social support may further increase the odds for participants to change their behaviors.
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ABSTRACT. Introduction: the oral condition of pregnant women and the attention it needs affect the overall health of these women and their children. A variety of perspectives have been used to understand and approach research on this field. The objectives of this study were: conduct a bibliometric analysis, assess the quality of the available evidence, and conduct content analysis of articles related to the topics. Methodology: publications related to the topics were identified through a systematic search of the literature, identifying authors, years, and countries with the most publications; in addition, quality of the reports was assessed through the STROBE Guide on the studies that were retrieved in full text, conducting content analysis on thematic, methodological, and epistemological aspects. Results: the systematic review was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). Institutions, authors, institutional affiliation, and co-authorship networks were identified with the bibliometric analysis. The systematic review showed predominance of cross-sectional observational studies; there were few controlled clinical trials and they generally emphasized treatments for periodontal disease in pregnant women. The evidence on this subject tends to be low. Content analysis showed that, in ontological terms, research focuses on three main areas: a) biological differences between men and women; b) impact of pregnant women's oral health on the oral and overall health of their babies, c) relationship between pregnancy, oral health, and its impact on the oral and overall health of women. Few studies explore social determinants. In epistemological terms, studies from positivist perspectives were predominant. In methodological terms, the emphasis is placed on research with quantitative approaches. Conclusion: it is necessary to strengthen the relationship between biological and social aspects of pregnant women's oral health and dental care from different epistemological perspectives, seeking a comprehensive view of these aspects and improving dental care in pregnant women.
RESUMEN. Introducción: la condición bucal y su atención en las embarazadas tienen repercusiones sobre la salud de las mujeres y sus hijos. La investigación relacionada con la temática se comprende y se aborda desde diferentes perspectivas. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: realizar un análisis bibliométrico, una revisión sistemática y análisis de contenido de los artículos encontrados asociados a estas temáticas. Metodología: Mediante una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura se identificaron las publicaciones relacionadas con los tópicos, y se identificaron autores, años y países que más publican; se evaluó además la calidad del reporte mediante la Guía STROBE en las investigaciones que se recuperaron en texto completo, y a estas se les efectuó análisis de contenido sobre aspectos temáticos, metodológicos y epistemológicos. Resultados: la revisión sistemática se llevó a cabo en tres bases de datos (PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science). Con el análisis bibliométrico se identificaron instituciones, autores, filiación institucional y redes de coautoría. La revisión sistemática mostró el predominio de estudios observacionales de corte transversal, en los que la evidencia sobre la temática tiende a ser baja. En el análisis de contenido se observó que, en términos ontológicos, las investigaciones profundizaron en tres ejes centrales: a) diferencias biológicas entre hombres y mujeres; b) impacto de la salud bucal de la embarazada sobre la salud general y oral de su bebé, y c) relación entre embarazo, salud bucal y su repercusión sobre la salud general y oral de estas mujeres; pocos estudios exploran los determinantes sociales. En términos epistemológicos, predominaron las investigaciones desde las perspectivas positivistas. En términos metodológicos, hay énfasis en la investigación con abordajes cuantitativos. Conclusión: es necesario fortalecer la relación de lo biológico con lo social de la salud bucal y la atención odontológica de las mujeres embarazadas, a partir de diferentes perspectivas epistemológicas, con miras a alcanzar una visión integral y una mejor atención odontológica de las embarazadas.
