The moderating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between occupational stress and mental health issues among nurses.

Occupational stress is a complex concept resulting from interaction among personnel, work environment, and cultural contexts. It can cause mental health issues, including clinical mental disorders, as well as emotional challenges like depression, anxiety, cognitive difficulties, and feeling sad. As a vulnerable group, healthcare professionals, especially nurses, experience a high rate of occupational stress. Therefore, we aimed to study the relationship between occupational stress, mental health problems, and self-efficacy among the nursing population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 365 nurses selected through a two-stage sampling process from tertiary hospitals in Qazvin, Iran, between July and September 2022. Study variables included occupational stress measured by the persian version of the health and safety executive management standards revised indicator tool (MS-RIT), the general health questionnaire containing 28 questions measuring psychological distress in four primary areas of somatic and anxiety symptoms, sleep disorders, social dysfunction, and depression [GHQ-28], and general self-efficacy [GSE-10]. The mentioned variables and some of the nurses' demographic characteristics, including age, gender, education, and work experience, were analyzed using moderated multiple regression, descriptive statistics, and the Pearson correlation coefficient.The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant association between self-efficacy and occupational stress (r = 0.62, P = 0.000) and self-efficacy and mental health (r = 0.67, P = 0.01). Regression analysis demonstrated that occupational stress accounted for 42% of the variation in mental health (R2 = 0.42, P < 0.01). The results also showed that self-efficacy moderates the relationship between occupational stress and mental health, with a significant effect (P < 0.01). The elevated prevalence of occupational stress and the concerning state of mental health among nurses highlight the need for the implementation of intervention programs, including stress prevention strategies at the workplace through organizing better working shifts, as well as increasing nurses' self-efficacy and their effective participation in work-related tasks aiming to enhance working conditions for nurses.

The relationship between spiritual intelligence and self-management in patients with diabetes type 1.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is widely recognized as one of the most pressing public health concerns globally. To manage blood glucose levels and reduce subsequent complications and mortality rates, self-management mechanisms have been found to be effective in controlling diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association between spiritual intelligence and diabetes self-management in patients with type 1 diabetes in Qazvin, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 220 adults with type 1 diabetes aged 18-35 years who referred to an outpatient diabetes clinic of a tertiary hospital in Qazvin province, and were selected through a convenience sampling method in 2022. Two valid and reliable questionnaires were used for data collection, including the 24-item questionnaire of spiritual intelligence and self-management of type 1 diabetes for adolescents (SMOD-A). To analyze the data, correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analysis were used. RESULTS: The total score of spiritual intelligence was 57.24 ± 10.77, and self-management was 77.14 ± 8.92. Among different subscales of spiritual intelligence, critical thinking obtained the highest score. In self-management, the highest score was achieved for communication.Findings also revealed that spiritual intelligence could predict 7.2% of changes in self-management among diabetes patients, and its relationship with diabetes self-management was estimated at 0.27. CONCLUSION: The growing prevalence of diabetes worldwide underscores the significance of self-management of the disease in the well-being of patients. This study demonstrated that spiritual intelligence played a crucial role among young adults with diabetes and assisted them in coping with stressful situations. As such, placing greater emphasis on the spiritual aspects of care is necessary, especially in the healthcare of young adults who are dealing with diabetes and its complex conditions.

Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are significant problems as public health issues which need attention. Such infections are significant problems for society and healthcare organizations. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review and a meta-analysis to analyze the prevalence of HAIs globally. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science between 2000 and June 2021. We found 7031 articles. After removing the duplicates, 5430 studies were screened based on the titles/ abstracts. Then, we systematically evaluated the full texts of the 1909 remaining studies and selected 400 records with 29,159,630 participants for meta-analysis. Random-effects model was used for the analysis, and heterogeneity analysis and publication bias test were conducted. RESULTS: The rate of universal HAIs was 0.14 percent. The rate of HAIs is increasing by 0.06 percent annually. The highest rate of HAIs was in the AFR, while the lowest prevalence were in AMR and WPR. Besides, AFR prevalence in central Africa is higher than in other parts of the world by 0.27 (95% CI, 0.22-0.34). Besides, E. coli infected patients more than other micro-organisms such as Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In hospital wards, Transplant, and Neonatal wards and ICU had the highest rates. The prevalence of HAIs was higher in men than in women. CONCLUSION: We identified several essential details about the rate of HAIs in various parts of the world. The HAIs rate and the most common micro-organism were different in various contexts. However, several essential gaps were also identified. The study findings can help hospital managers and health policy makers identify the reason for HAIs and apply effective control programs to implement different plans to reduce the HAIs rate and the financial costs of such infections and save resources.