Implementation of a Novel Prehospital Clinical Decision Tool and ECG Transmission for STEMI Significantly Reduces Door-to-Balloon Time and Sex-Based Disparities.

BACKGROUND: An important method employed to reduce door to balloon time (DTBT) for ST segment elevation Myocardial Infarctions (STEMIs) is a prehospital MI alert. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the effects of an educational intervention using a novel decision support method of STEMI notification and prehospital electrocardiogram (ECG) transmission on DTBT. METHODS: An ongoing database (April 4, 2000 - present) is maintained to track STEMI alerts. In 2007, an MI alert program began; emergency medicine physicians could activate a "prehospital MI alert". In October 2015, modems were purchased for Emergency Medical Services personnel to transmit ECGs. There was concurrent implementation of a decision support tool for identifying STEMI. Sex was assigned as indicated in the medical record. Data were analyzed in two groups: Pre-2016 (PRE) and 2016-2022 (POST). RESULTS: In total, 3,153 patients (1,301 PRE; 1,852 POST) were assessed; the average age was 65.2 years, 32.6% female, 87.7% white with significant differences in age and race between the two cohorts. Of the total 3,153 MI alerts, 239 were false activations, leaving 2,914 for analysis. 2,115 (72.6%) had cardiac catheterization while 16 (6.7%) of the 239 had a cardiac catheterization. There was an overall decrease in DTBT of 27.5% PRE to POST of prehospital ECG transmission (p < 0.001); PRE median time was 74.5 min vs. 55 min POST. There was no significant difference between rates of cardiac catheterization PRE and POST for all patients. After accounting for age, race, and mode of arrival, DTBT was 12.2% longer in women, as compared to men (p < 0.001) PRE vs. POST. DTBT among women was significantly shorter when comparing PRE to POST periods (median 77 min vs. 60 min; p = 0.0001). There was no significant sex difference in the proportion of those with cardiac catheterization between the two cohorts (62.5% vs. 63.5%; p = 0.73). CONCLUSION: Introduction of a decision support tool with prehospital ECG transmission with prehospital ECG transmission decreased overall DTBT by 20 min (27.5%). Women in the study had a 17-minute decrease in DTBT (22%), but their DTBT remained 12.2% longer than men for reasons that remain unclear.

HIV-1 reservoir size after neonatal antiretroviral therapy and the potential to evaluate antiretroviral-therapy-free remission (IMPAACT P1115): a phase 1/2 proof-of-concept study.

BACKGROUND: Infants born with HIV-1 require lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed to assess whether very early ART in neonates might restrict HIV-1 reservoirs, an important step towards ART-free remission. METHODS: IMPAACT P1115 is an ongoing, phase 1/2, proof-of-concept study in which infants were enrolled at 30 research clinics in 11 countries (Brazil, Haiti, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, the USA, Zambia, and Zimbabwe) into two cohorts. Infants at least 34 weeks' gestational age at high risk for in-utero HIV-1 with either untreated maternal HIV-1 (cohort 1) or who were receiving pre-emptive triple antiretroviral prophylaxis outside of the study (maternal ART permissible; cohort 2) were included. All infants initiated treatment within 48 h of life. Cohort 1 initiated three-drug nevirapine-based ART, and cohort 2 initiated three-drug nevirapine-based prophylaxis then three-drug nevirapine-based ART following HIV diagnosis by age 10 days. We added twice-daily coformulated oral ritonavir 75 mg/m2 and lopinavir 300 mg/m2 from 14 days of life and 42 weeks postmenstrual age. We discontinued nevirapine 12 weeks after two consecutive plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below limit of detection. We tracked virological suppression, safety outcomes, and meeting a predetermined biomarker profile at age 2 years (undetectable RNA since week 48, HIV-1 antibody-negative, HIV-1 DNA not detected, and normal CD4 count and CD4 percentage) to assess qualification for analytical treatment interruption. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02140255. FINDINGS: Between Jan 23, 2015, and Dec 14, 2017, 440 infants were included in cohort 1 and 20 were included in cohort 2. 54 of these infants (34 from cohort 1 and 20 from cohort 2) had confirmed in-utero HIV-1 and were enrolled to receive study ART. 33 (61%) of 54 infants were female and 21 (39%) were male. The estimated probability of maintaining undetectable plasma RNA through to 2 years was 33% (95% CI 17-49) in cohort 1 and 57% (28-78) in cohort 2. Among infants maintaining protocol-defined virological control criteria through to study week 108, seven of 11 (64%, 95% CI 31-89) in cohort 1 and five of seven (71%, 29-96) in cohort 2 had no detected HIV-1 DNA. Ten of 12 (83%, 52-100) in cohort 1 and all seven (100%, 59-100) in cohort 2 tested HIV-1 antibody-negative at week 108. Among 54 infants initiated on very early ART, ten (19%; six in cohort 1 and four in cohort 2) met all criteria for possible analytical treatment interruption. Reversible grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurred in 15 (44%) of 34 infants in cohort 1 and seven (35%) of 20 infants in cohort 2. INTERPRETATION: Very early ART for in-utero HIV-1 can achieve sustained virological suppression in association with biomarkers indicating restricted HIV-1 reservoirs by age 2 years, which might enable potential ART-free remission. FUNDING: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the National Institute of Mental Health.

Broadly neutralizing antibody treatment maintained HIV suppression in children with favorable reservoir characteristics in Botswana.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) may provide an alternative to standard antiretroviral treatment (ART) for controlling HIV-1 replication and may have immunotherapeutic effects against HIV-1 reservoirs. We conducted a prospective clinical trial with two HIV-1 bNAbs (VRC01LS and 10-1074) in children (n = 25) who had previously initiated small-molecule ART treatment before 7 days of age and who continued treatment for at least 96 weeks. Both bNAbs were dosed intravenously every 4 weeks, overlapping with ART for at least 8 weeks and then continued for up to 24 weeks or until detectable viremia of HIV-1 RNA rose above 400 copies per milliliter in the absence of ART. Eleven (44%) children maintained HIV-1 RNA below 400 copies per milliliter through 24 weeks of bNAb-only treatment; 14 (56%) had detectable viremia above 400 copies per milliliter at a median of 4 weeks. Archived HIV-1 provirus susceptible to 10-1074, lower birth HIV-1 DNA reservoir in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, sustained viral suppression throughout early life, and combined negative qualitative HIV-1 DNA polymerase chain reaction and negative HIV-1 serology at entry were associated with maintaining suppression on bNAbs alone. This proof-of-concept study suggests that bNAbs may represent a promising treatment modality for infants and children living with HIV-1. Future studies using newer bNAb combinations with greater breadth and potency are warranted.

Infants Receiving Very Early Antiretroviral Therapy Have High CD4 Counts in the First Year of Life.

We followed 54 infants with in utero HIV after initiating very early antiretroviral treatment. At weeks 24 and 48, ≥80% had CD4 ≥1500 cells/mm3 and CD4% ≥25%. Routine Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis in the first year of life may not be necessary for all very early treated infants. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT02140255.

Anabolic-androgenic steroid use is associated with psychopathy, risk-taking, anger, and physical problems.

Previous research has uncovered medical and psychological effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use, but the specific relationship between AAS use and risk-taking behaviors as well as between AAS use and psychopathic tendencies remains understudied. To explore these potential relationships, we anonymously recruited 492 biologically male, self-identified bodybuilders (median age 22; range 18-47 years) from online bodybuilding fora to complete an online survey on Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drug (APED) use, psychological traits, lifestyle choices, and health behaviors. We computed odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression, adjusting for age, race, education, exercise frequency, caloric intake, and lean BMI. Bodybuilders with a prior history of AAS use exhibited heightened odds of psychopathic traits, sexual and substance use risk-taking behaviors, anger problems, and physical problems compared to those with no prior history of AAS use. This study is among the first to directly assess psychopathy within AAS users. Our results on risk-taking, anger problems, and physical problems are consistent with prior AAS research as well as with existing frameworks of AAS use as a risk behavior. Future research should focus on ascertaining causality, specifically whether psychopathy is a risk associated with or a result of AAS use.

A simulation-based comparison of estimation methods for adaptive and classical group sequential clinical trials.

Statistical methods for controlling the type-I error of hypothesis tests in adaptive group sequential clinical trials are well established and well understood. However, methods for obtaining statistically valid point estimates and confidence intervals for adaptive designs are not as well established or as well understood. At the end of an adaptive trial, one may calculate the repeated confidence interval (RCI), which provides conservative coverage of δ , or the backward image confidence interval (BWCI), which provides exact coverage of δ and is an extension of the stagewise adjusted confidence interval (SWCI, used in classical group sequential designs). The BWCI can also provide a median unbiased estimate (MUE) of δ . There is a need to better understand the coverage and possible biases associated with these methods. We conducted a simulation study exploring parameter estimation following sample size reestimation based on testing methods with strong control of type-I error. Generally, the BWCI provided exact coverage, the naïve CI provided inconsistent coverage, and the RCI provided conservative coverage. Additionally, we note considerable asymmetry in the coverage from above/from below for the RCI, although we did not see any instance where the 95% RCI excluded the true parameter more than 2.5% on either side. At the end of an adaptive group sequential trial, we strongly recommend the use of the BWCI (and associated MUE), with the RCI computed during interim looks; the naïve CI should be avoided. These results and conclusions also hold true for classical group sequential designs.

Macrolactin A as a Novel Inhibitory Agent for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro: Bioinformatics Approach.

COVID-19 is a disease that puts most of the world on lockdown and the search for therapeutic drugs is still ongoing. Therefore, this study used in silico screening to identify natural bioactive compounds from fruits, herbaceous plants, and marine invertebrates that are able to inhibit protease activity in SARS-CoV-2 (PDB: 6LU7). We have used extensive screening strategies such as drug likeliness, antiviral activity value prediction, molecular docking, ADME, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and MM/GBSA. A total of 17 compounds were shortlisted using Lipinski's rule in which 5 compounds showed significant predicted antiviral activity values. Among these 5, only 2 compounds, Macrolactin A and Stachyflin, showed good binding energy of -9.22 and -8.00 kcal/mol, respectively, within the binding pocket of the Mpro catalytic residues (HIS 41 and CYS 145). These two compounds were further analyzed to determine their ADME properties. The ADME evaluation of these 2 compounds suggested that they could be effective in developing therapeutic drugs to be used in clinical trials. MD simulations showed that protein-ligand complexes of Macrolactin A and Stachyflin with the target receptor (6LU7) were stable for 100 nanoseconds. The MM/GBSA calculations of Mpro-Macrolactin A complex indicated higher binding free energy (-42.58 ± 6.35 kcal/mol). Dynamic cross-correlation matrix (DCCM) and principal component analysis (PCA) on the residual movement in the MD trajectories further confirmed the stability of Macrolactin A bound state with 6LU7. In conclusion, this study showed that marine natural compound Macrolactin A could be an effective therapeutic inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 protease (6LU7). Additional in vitro and in vivo validations are strongly needed to determine the efficacy and therapeutic dose of Macrolactin A in biological systems.

Influences of environmental parameters and phytoplankton productivity on benthic invertebrates in a tropical oligotrophic lake, northern Malaysia.

Studies that associate environmental parameters with aquatic organisms in man-made lakes remain limited by accessibility and interest particularly in many Asian countries. With missed opportunities to monitor environmental transitions at Lake Kenyir, our knowledge of lake transition is restricted to the non-mixing shallow waters only. Triplicate monthly benthic invertebrate samples were collected concurrently with various environmental parameters at three locations (zones A-C) of Kenyir Lake, Malaysia. Our results affirmed that the northeast part of Lake Kenyir is oligotrophic. Abundance of phytoplankton, total suspended solids, phosphate, nitrite and nitrate drive the abundance of various groups of benthic invertebrates. All of these extrinsic variables (except phosphate) negatively influenced the density of Trichoptera and positively influenced (P<0.05) the densities of Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Bivalvia, Gastropod, Isopoda and Copepod in all zones. Phosphate negatively influenced the density of Trichoptera and positively influenced (P<0.05) the densities of Oligochaeta, Bivalvia and Copepod. Its influences on the Polychaeta, Gastropod and Isopoda densities were zone-specific. Overall, seasons equally influenced the relationships between extrinsic and response variables in all zones. The results of this study are useful to evaluate the lake's environmental quality, in conservation and in similar projects involving environmental handling, monitoring and recovery.

Population data and genetic characteristics of 12 X-STR loci using the Investigator® Argus X-12 Quality Sensor kit for the Kedayan population of Borneo in Malaysia.

DNA profiling of X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STR) has exceptional value in criminal investigations, especially for complex kinship and incest cases. In this study, Investigator® Argus X-12 Quality Sensor (QS) kits were successfully used to characterize 12 X-STR loci in 199 unrelated healthy Kedayan individuals living in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia. The LG1 haplogroup (DXS8378 - DXS10135 - DXS10148) has the largest HD (0.9799) as compared with all other closely linked haplotype groups examined (LG2; DXS7132-DXS10074-DXS10079, LG3; DXS10103-DXS10101-HPRTB and LG4; DXS10134-DXS7423-DXS10146). Data from statistical analysis showed that high combined of PDM, PDF, MEC_Krüger, MEC_Kishida, MEC_Desmarais, and MEC_Desmarais_duo values (0.999999994405922, 0.99999999999999, 0.999990463834938, 0.999999975914808, 0.999999975985006, and 0.999996491927194, respectively) in the Kedayan. In a two-dimensional scaling (MDS) plot and dendrogram constructed using allele frequencies at the 12 X-STR loci, Kedayan appear to be most closely related to their other Austronesian populations including the Malays and Filipinos as compared with other reference population groups. Findings from the present study thus demonstrate high genetic variability across the 12 tested X-STR loci and can be used for population studies and forensic applications.

Impact of postpartum tenofovir-based antiretroviral therapy on bone mineral density in breastfeeding women with HIV enrolled in a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: We set out to evaluate the effect of postnatal exposure to tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy on bone mineral density among breastfeeding women living with HIV. DESIGN: IMPAACT P1084s is a sub-study of the PROMISE randomized trial conducted in four African countries (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01066858). METHODS: IMPAACT P1084s enrolled eligible mother-infant pairs previously randomised in the PROMISE trial at one week after delivery to receive either maternal antiretroviral therapy (Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate / Emtricitabine + Lopinavir/ritonavir-maternal TDF-ART) or administer infant nevirapine, with no maternal antiretroviral therapy, to prevent breastmilk HIV transmission. Maternal lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at postpartum weeks 1 and 74. We studied the effect of the postpartum randomization on percent change in maternal bone mineral density in an intention-to-treat analysis with a t-test; mean and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) are presented. RESULTS: Among 398/400 women included in this analysis, baseline age, body-mass index, CD4 count, mean bone mineral density and alcohol use were comparable between study arms. On average, maternal lumbar spine bone mineral density declined significantly through week 74 in the maternal TDF-ART compared to the infant nevirapine arm; mean difference (95%CI) -2.86 (-4.03, -1.70) percentage points (p-value <0.001). Similarly, maternal hip bone mineral density declined significantly more through week 74 in the maternal TDF-ART compared to the infant nevirapine arm; mean difference -2.29% (-3.20, -1.39) (p-value <0.001). Adjusting for covariates did not change the treatment effect. CONCLUSIONS: Bone mineral density decline through week 74 postpartum was greater among breastfeeding HIV-infected women randomized to receive maternal TDF-ART during breastfeeding compared to those mothers whose infants received nevirapine prophylaxis.

Pharmacokinetics and safety of early nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy for neonates at high risk for perinatal HIV infection: a phase 1/2 proof of concept study.

BACKGROUND: With increasing intention to treat HIV as early as possible, evidence to confirm the safety and therapeutic drug concentrations of a nevirapine-based antiretroviral regimen in the early neonatal period is needed. This study aims to establish dosing of nevirapine for very early treatment of HIV-exposed neonates at high risk of HIV acquisition. METHODS: IMPAACT P1115 is a multinational phase 1/2 proof-of-concept study in which presumptive treatment for in-utero HIV infection is initiated within 48 h of birth in HIV-exposed neonates at high risk of HIV acquisition. Participants were neonates who were at least 34 weeks gestational age at birth and enrolled within 48 h of birth, born to women with presumed or confirmed HIV infection who had not received antiretrovirals during this pregnancy. The regimen consisted of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus nevirapine dosed at 6 mg/kg twice daily for term neonates (≥37 weeks gestational age) or 4 mg/kg twice daily for 1 week and 6 mg/kg twice daily thereafter for preterm neonates (34 to <37 weeks gestational age). Here, we report the secondary outcomes of the study: nevirapine exposures in study weeks 1 and 2 and treatment-associated grade 3 or 4 adverse events at least possibly related to study treatment up to study week 4. A population pharmacokinetic model to assess nevirapine exposure was developed from dried blood spot and plasma nevirapine concentrations at study weeks 1 and 2. Nevirapine exposure was assessed in all patients with available blood samples and safety was assessed in all participants. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02140255). FINDINGS: Between Jan 23, 2015, and Sept 4, 2017, 438 neonates were enrolled and included in analyses; 36 had in-utero HIV infection and 389 (89%) were born at term. Neonates without confirmed in-utero HIV infection received nevirapine for a median of 13 days (IQR 7-14). Measured dried blood spot nevirapine concentrations were higher than the minimum HIV treatment target (3 µg/mL) in 314 (90%, 95% CI 86-93) of 349 neonates at week 1 and 174 (87%, 81-91) of 201 at week 2. In Monte-Carlo simulations, week 1 nevirapine concentrations exceeded 3 µg/mL in 80% of term neonates and 82% of preterm neonates. DAIDS grade 3 or 4 adverse events at least possibly related to antiretrovirals occurred in 30 (7%, 95% CI 5-10) of 438 infants but did not lead to nevirapine cessation in any neonates; neutropenia (25 [6%] neonates) and anaemia (six [1%]) were most common. INTERPRETATION: Nevirapine at the dose studied was confirmed to be safe and provides therapeutic exposure concentrations. These data support nevirapine as a component of presumptive HIV treatment in high-risk neonates. FUNDING: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the National Institute of Mental Health.

A review on introduced Cichla spp. and emerging concerns.

Peacock bass (Cichla spp.) originates from the Neotropical environments of Brazil and Venezuela but, through trade and smuggling for aquarium keeping, sport fishing and aquaculture, it is now an emerging concern. Yet, less is known for Cichla spp. distribution and its ability to invade new environments. Aimed to communicate on Cichla spp. ecology, biology and introduction schemes from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and also National Centre for Biotechnology Information, this review also contains management strategies for invading fish species. While Cichla spp. can displace native fish populations, this concern is explained using ecological functions, physiological demands, direct and secondary invasion, disease tolerance and parasite spillover. Briefly, Cichla spp. has rapid embryogenesis (72 h) and matures in short periods (11-12 months), giving it an advantage to colonize new environments. With a large appetite, this true piscivore gains territorial control over water bodies by making it their feeding and nursery grounds. Perceived as an emerging concern after becoming introduced, seal-off or sport fishing were used to manage Cichla spp. but, this practice is not sustainable for the entire ecosystem. Hence, we recommend bottom-up management that involves community participation because they interact with the fish and have knowledge about their environment.

Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Chitosan by γ-Irradiation from the Carapace of Horseshoe Crab.

Natural product extraction is ingenuity that permits the mass manufacturing of specific products in a cost-effective manner. With the aim of obtaining an alternative chitosan supply, the carapace of dead horseshoe crabs seemed feasible. This sparked an investigation of the structural changes and antioxidant capacity of horseshoe crab chitosan (HCH) by γ-irradiation using 60Co source. Chitosan was extracted from the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas; Müller) carapace using heterogeneous chemical N-deacetylation of chitin, followed by the irradiation of HCH using 60Co at a dose-dependent rate of 10 kGy/hour. The average molecular weight was determined by the viscosimetric method. Regarding the chemical properties, the crystal-like structures obtained from γ-irradiated chitosan powders were determined using Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The change in chitosan structure was evident with dose-dependent rates between 10 and 20 kGy/hour. The antioxidant properties of horseshoe crab-derived chitosan were evaluated in vitro. The 20 kGy γ-irradiation applied to chitosan changed the structure and reduced the molecular weight, providing sufficient degradation for an increase in antioxidant activity. Our findings indicate that horseshoe crab chitosan can be employed for both scald-wound healing and long-term food preservation due to its buffer-like and radical ion scavenging ability.

Autosomal STR Profiling and Databanking in Malaysia: Current Status and Future Prospects.

Science and technology are extensively used in criminal investigation. From the mid- to late-1980s, one of the scientific discoveries that has had a particularly remarkable impact on this field has been the use of highly variable DNA sequence regions (minisatellites) in the human genome for individual identification. The technique was initially referred to as DNA fingerprinting, but is now more widely referred to as DNA profiling. Since then, many new developments have occurred within this area of science. These include the introduction of new genetic markers (microsatellites also known as short tandem repeats/STRs), the use of the polymerase chain reaction for target amplification, the development of DNA databases (databanking), and the advancement and/or improvement of genotyping protocols and technologies. In 2019, we described the progress of DNA profiling and DNA databanking in Malaysia for the first time. This report included information on DNA analysis regulations and legislation, STR genotyping protocols, database management, and accreditation status. Here, we provide an update on the performance of our DNA databank (numbers of DNA profiles and hits) plus the technical issues associated with correctly assigning the weight of evidence for DNA profiles in an ethnically diverse population, and the potential application of rapid DNA testing in the country. A total of 116,534 DNA profiles were obtained and stored in the Forensic DNA Databank of Malaysia (FDDM) by 2019, having increased from 70,570 in 2017. The number of hits increased by more than three-fold in just two years, where 17 and 69 hits between the DNA profiles stored in the FDDM and those from crime scenes, suspects, detainees, drug users, convicts, missing persons, or volunteers were recorded in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Forensic DNA analysis and databanking are thus progressing well in Malaysia and have already contributed to many criminal investigations. However, several other issues are discussed here, including the need for STR population data for uncharacterized population groups, and pilot trials for adopting rapid DNA profiling technology. These aspects should be considered by policy makers and law enforcement agencies in order to increase the reliability and efficiency of DNA profiling in criminal cases and in kinship analysis in Malaysia.

Characterization dataset for pre- and post-irradiated shrimp waste chitosan.

This dataset presents morphological features, elemental composition and functional groups of different pre- and post-gamma (γ)-irradiated chitosan (10kGy & 20kGy) prepared from shrimp waste. The γ-irradiated chitosan was characterized using Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) were performed using Perkin Elmer Pyris Diamond DSC with a heating rate of 10 °C/minute and dynamic synthetic atmospheric air set at flow rate of 100 ml/minute. We observed γ-irradiated chitosan to have shorter polymer size, small pores and compacted structure with active alkyl and hydroxyl groups when compared to non-irradiated chitosan. Our data provides baseline understanding for structure of shrimp chitosan after 60Co exposure which means, the biopolymer becomes more stable and is considered suitable for vast food industry applications.

An artificial habitat increases the reproductive fitness of a range-shifting species within a newly colonized ecosystem.

When a range-shifting species colonizes an ecosystem it has not previously inhabited, it may experience suboptimal conditions that challenge its continued persistence and expansion. Some impacts may be partially mitigated by artificial habitat analogues: artificial habitats that more closely resemble a species' historic ecosystem than the surrounding habitat. If conditions provided by such habitats increase reproductive success, they could be vital to the expansion and persistence of range-shifting species. We investigated the reproduction of the mangrove tree crab Aratus pisonii in its historic mangrove habitat, the suboptimal colonized salt marsh ecosystem, and on docks within the marsh, an artificial mangrove analogue. Crabs were assessed for offspring production and quality, as well as measures of maternal investment and egg quality. Aratus pisonii found on docks produced more eggs, more eggs per unit energy investment, and higher quality larvae than conspecifics in the surrounding salt marsh. Yet, crabs in the mangrove produced the highest quality larvae. Egg lipids suggest these different reproductive outcomes result from disparities in the quality of diet-driven maternal investments, particularly key fatty acids. This study suggests habitat analogues may increase the reproductive fitness of range-shifting species allowing more rapid expansion into, and better persistence in, colonized ecosystems.

Population data for 23 Y chromosome STR loci using the Powerplex® Y23 STR kit for the Kedayan population in Malaysia.

Genetic polymorphisms at 23 Y chromosome short tandem repeat (STRs) loci included in the Powerplex® Y23 PCR kit were successfully scored in 128 unrelated Kedayan individuals living in Sabah, East Malaysia. Complete haplotypes were recorded for all individuals and included 92 different types with 72 being unique to single male subjects. Three important forensic statistics were calculated from these data; haplotype diversity = 0.993, discriminating capacity = 0.719, and match probability = 0.015. The Kedayan appear to be most closely related to Malays and Filipinos in a multidimensional scaling plot and are separated from other mainland Asia populations including Thais and Hakka Han. These new data for Kedayan have been deposited in the YHRD database (accession number: YA004621). Our statistical analyses showed the reliability of Y-STR loci for geographically extended use in forensic casework and for studying human population history.

Documentation status and psychological distress among New York City community college students.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology on Dec 5 2019 (see record 2019-75302-001). In the original article "lower self-esteem" should have read "higher self-esteem" in the first sentence after the Results heading in the abstract. The correct sentence is "Participants with at risk and temporary statuses reported higher fear of deportation for self, fear of family members being deported, psychological distress, and higher self-esteem than those with stable status." All versions of this article have been corrected.] Objective: This research study examined how psychological distress, self-esteem, and academic performance differ across at-risk, temporary, and stable immigration statuses and whether fear of one's own deportation and that of family members is associated with psychological distress. METHOD: We surveyed 150 community college students (51% female; Mage = 22.7, SDage = 2.4) with 3 types of immigration statuses: stable (citizen), temporary (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals [DACA] and visa), and at-risk of deportation (undocumented). One-way analyses of covariance examined whether fear of deportation, psychological distress, self-esteem, and academic performance varied across immigration statuses. Regression analyses examined the associations among fear of deportation for self and for family members, depression, and isolation and alienation. RESULTS: Participants with at risk and temporary statuses reported higher fear of deportation for self, fear of family members being deported, psychological distress, and higher self-esteem than those with stable status. Academic performance did not differ across immigration statuses. Within the temporary status, DACA students experienced higher anxiety, isolation, and alienation than other temporary status students. Fear of deportation for self and family members predicted depression and isolation and alienation. Both regression analyses controlled for age, sex, region of origin, hours of work, hours of sleep, and socializing per day. CONCLUSION: The study provides new insights into how immigration status influences the psychological well-being of community college students and introduces a quantifiable framework to better understand the construct of fear of deportation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

"Documentation status and psychological distress among New York City community college students": Correction to Alif et al. (2019).

Reports an error in "Documentation status and psychological distress among New York City community college students" by Ahmed Alif, Bryan S. Nelson, Ana Stefancic, Riya Ahmed and Sumie Okazaki (Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, May 02, 2019, np). In the original article "lower self-esteem" should have read "higher self-esteem" in the first sentence after the Results heading in the abstract. The correct sentence is "Participants with at risk and temporary statuses reported higher fear of deportation for self, fear of family members being deported, psychological distress, and higher self-esteem than those with stable status." All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2019-23603-001.) Objective: This research study examined how psychological distress, self-esteem, and academic performance differ across at-risk, temporary, and stable immigration statuses and whether fear of one's own deportation and that of family members is associated with psychological distress. METHOD: We surveyed 150 community college students (51% female; Mage = 22.7, SDage = 2.4) with 3 types of immigration statuses: stable (citizen), temporary (Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals [DACA] and visa), and at-risk of deportation (undocumented). One-way analyses of covariance examined whether fear of deportation, psychological distress, self-esteem, and academic performance varied across immigration statuses. Regression analyses examined the associations among fear of deportation for self and for family members, depression, and isolation and alienation. RESULTS: Participants with at risk and temporary statuses reported higher fear of deportation for self, fear of family members being deported, psychological distress, and higher self-esteem than those with stable status. Academic performance did not differ across immigration statuses. Within the temporary status, DACA students experienced higher anxiety, isolation, and alienation than other temporary status students. Fear of deportation for self and family members predicted depression and isolation and alienation. Both regression analyses controlled for age, sex, region of origin, hours of work, hours of sleep, and socializing per day. CONCLUSION: The study provides new insights into how immigration status influences the psychological well-being of community college students and introduces a quantifiable framework to better understand the construct of fear of deportation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).