Polyethylene cellulose nanofibrils nanocomposites.

This paper investigates the use of an aqueous dispersion of polyethylene copolymer with a relatively high content of acrylic acid as a compatibilizer and as an alternative medium to obtain polyethylene CNF nanocomposites. The CNF content was varied from 1 to 90wt% and the appearance, optical, thermal, mechanical and rheological properties, as well the morphology of the films were evaluated. The PE/CNF films are transparent up to 20wt% of NFC indicating a good dispersion of CNF, but a poor distribution, with PE-rich and CNF-rich regions observed by SEM. Improved mechanical properties were achieved, with a 100% and 15,900% increase in the Young's modulus with 1wt% and 90wt% NFC, respectively. The rheological behavior indicated good melt processability. According to these results, aqueous polyolefin dispersions seem to be a promising, easy and relatively fast route for obtaining cellulose/polyolefins nanocomposites with low to high contents of cellulose nanofibrils.

Seroepidemiological study of chagas disease in the southern Amazon region of ecuador.

To determine the extent of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and/or transmission in the southern Amazon region of Ecuador, three indigenous communities in the provinces of Pastaza and Morona Santiago were serosurveyed. Chagatest(TM), Immunocomb(®)II and immunofluorescent (IF) assays were used. Among the 385 inhabitants examined, nine (2.34%) were seropositive for T. cruzi infection. Of the nine positive sera, four (44.4%) fall in the 10-19, one each in the 20-29, 30-39 and 40-49, and two in the 50-59 age groups. These results suggested the possible existence of an autochthonous active T. cruzi transmission in the region and provide the first serological evidence for T. cruzi infection in the southern province of Morona Santiago bordering Peru. Further studies are needed in these Amazonian provinces to ascertain the spread of T. cruzi infection in the area.

Correção de defeitos cirúrgicos grandes: técnica da dupla cerclagem / Correction of large surgical defects: double cerclage technique

Feridas cirúrgicas de grandes dimensões requerem fechamento através de retalhos ou enxertos, muitas vezes de difícil execução. A técnica da dupla cerclagem constitui alternativa eficaz para o fechamento direto, mesmo que parcial, desse tipo de defeito. Demonstraremos caso ilustrativo da técnica.

Large surgical wounds can be closed using flaps or grafts, which are often difficult to carry out. The double cerclage technique is an effective option for direct ? though partial ? closure of this type of incision. The technique will be demonstrated using an illustrative case.

[Basic life support and advanced cardiac life support: proposal of a new strategy to approach and prevent clinical events in dermatologic surgery]. / Suporte básico de vida e suporte avançado de vida em cardiologia: proposta de uma nova estratégia para abordagem e prevenção das intercorrências clínicas em cirurgia dermatológica.

Since complexity of surgical procedures has increased, and patients' co-morbidities have become more frequent, the risk of clinical complications in dermatologic surgery has also increased in the past decades. In order to better assess these risks, a flowchart based on a ruling triad consisting of the patient's health status, sedation level, and procedure complexity was developed to establish the type of cardiovascular support adequate to each procedure. Patients undergoing small surgeries with ASA < 2 should be assigned to basic life support; patients undergoing small surgeries with ASA > 2, and those undergoing medium-sized surgeries or deep sedation should be assigned to advanced cardiac life support (ACLS).

Suporte básico de vida e suporte avançado de vida em cardiologia: proposta de uma nova estratégia para abordagem e prevenção das intercorrências clínicas em cirurgia dermatológica / Basic life support and advanced cardiac life support: proposal of a new strategy to approach and prevent clinical events in dermatologic surgery

Com o aumento da complexidade cirúrgica e comorbidades da população, o risco de intercorrências clínicas em cirurgia dermatológica aumentou nas últimas décadas. Para sua abordagem foi criado um fluxograma baseado na tríade decisória formada pelo estado físico do paciente, grau de sedação e porte do procedimento, indicando o tipo de suporte cardiovascular em cada procedimento. Pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de "porte pequeno" e ASA < 2 devem receber suporte básico de vida; os submetidos a cirurgias de "porte pequeno" e ASA > 2, a cirurgias de "porte médio" ou a sedação profunda devem receber suporte avançado de vida em cardiologia.

Since complexity of surgical procedures has increased, and patients' co-morbidities have become more frequent, the risk of clinical complications in dermatologic surgery has also increased in the past decades. In order to better assess these risks, a flowchart based on a ruling triad consisting of the patient's health status, sedation level, and procedure complexity was developed to establish the type of cardiovascular support adequate to each procedure. Patients undergoing small surgeries with ASA < 2 should be assigned to basic life support; patients undergoing small surgeries with ASA > 2, and those undergoing medium-sized surgeries or deep sedation should be assigned to advanced cardiac life support (ACLS).

Reparo do lóbulo da orelha partido: revisão da literatura e proposta de nova técnica / Split ear lobe repair: literature review and new technique proposal

A fenda do lóbulo da orelha normalmente resulta de trauma súbito ou uso contínuo de brincos pesados. Dentre as diversas técnicas cirúrgicas propostas para a sua correção, a escolha dependerá do tipo de fenda existente, parcial ou total, e deverá permitir a menor chance de recidiva. As correções da fenda total poderão ser feitas com ou sem preservação do orifício do brinco. A fixação do lóbulo durante a intervenção é fundamental, qualquer que seja a técnica utilizada, e pode ser feita com abaixador de língua estéril ou pinça de calázio. Para o procedimento cirúrgico, são utilizados pinça de Adson, tesoura íris e lâmina de bisturi 11 ou 15, sendo o fechamento da pele realizado com fio mononylon 5.0 ou 6.0. Na nova técnica descrita, obtém-se, além da vantagem da manutenção do pertuito, maior segurança ao apoio do brinco com menores chances de recidiva.

Split earlobe usually results from sudden trauma or continuous use of heavy earrings. Among the various surgical techniques proposed for split earlobe correction, the choice will depend on the existing split, partial or total, and should offer a lower chance of recurrence. The total split corrections may be made with or without preservation of the earring orifi ce. Lobe fi xation during intervention is essential, whatever the technique used, and can be done with tongue blade or sterile chalazion clamp. For the surgical procedure, we used Adson clamp, iris scissors, and scalpel blade 11 or 15. Skin suture was done with mononylon 5.0 or 6.0. In the new technique, besides the advantage of maintaining the orifi ce, there is greater security to support the earring with less chance of recurrence.

Cutaneous melanoma: descriptive epidemiological study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Cutaneous melanoma represents around 3% of all skin tumors. About 20% of such patients will have advanced disease and will die before reaching five years of survival. The aim of this paper was to describe the clinical and histopathological variables and their correlations. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective, descriptive, epidemiological study at the Melanoma Unit, Dermatological Clinic, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo. METHODS: Records from 364 cases between May 1993 and January 2006 were analyzed. The frequencies of all study variables and their 95% confidence intervals were determined. The chi-squared test was used to evaluate associations among the variables, adopting a significant level of 0.05. RESULTS: Females predominated, with 1.4 women for each man. The patients mean age was 58.9 years. Nonwhite patients represented 13.7% of the sample. The prevalent anatomical sites for cutaneous melanoma were the trunk and feet, for both men and women. Acral lentiginous melanoma represented 22.3% of the cohort. In situ primary lesions were observed in few cases and a high percentage of thick cutaneous melanoma was detected. Ulceration was found in 13.4% of the thin tumors (< 1.0 mm). Thicker and ulcerated lesions predominated in male patients (p = 0.011 and p < 0.001 respectively) and in elderly patients (p = 0.021 and p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The cohort mostly presented thick and ulcerated tumors, denoting late diagnosis and bad prognosis. Also, the sample was characterized by considerable prevalence of female patients, nonwhite patients, limb lesions and acral lentiginous melanoma.

Cutaneous melanoma: descriptive epidemiological study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Cutaneous melanoma represents around 3 percent of all skin tumors. About 20 percent of such patients will have advanced disease and will die before reaching five years of survival. The aim of this paper was to describe the clinical and histopathological variables and their correlations. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective, descriptive, epidemiological study at the Melanoma Unit, Dermatological Clinic, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo. METHODS: Records from 364 cases between May 1993 and January 2006 were analyzed. The frequencies of all study variables and their 95 percent confidence intervals were determined. The chi-squared test was used to evaluate associations among the variables, adopting a significant level of 0.05. RESULTS: Females predominated, with 1.4 women for each man. The patients’ mean age was 58.9 years. Nonwhite patients represented 13.7 percent of the sample. The prevalent anatomical sites for cutaneous melanoma were the trunk and feet, for both men and women. Acral lentiginous melanoma represented 22.3 percent of the cohort. In situ primary lesions were observed in few cases and a high percentage of thick cutaneous melanoma was detected. Ulceration was found in 13.4 percent of the thin tumors (< 1.0 mm). Thicker and ulcerated lesions predominated in male patients (p = 0.011 and p < 0.001 respectively) and in elderly patients (p = 0.021 and p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The cohort mostly presented thick and ulcerated tumors, denoting late diagnosis and bad prognosis. Also, the sample was characterized by considerable prevalence of female patients, nonwhite patients, limb lesions and acral lentiginous melanoma.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O melanoma cutâneo representa cerca de 3 por cento de todos os tumores da pele. Em torno de 20 por cento dos pacientes terão doença avançada e morrerão antes de completar cinco anos de sobrevida. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever as variáveis clínicas e histopatológicas, e suas correlações. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo retrospectivo, epidemiológico, descritivo realizado na Unidade de Melanoma, Clínica de Dermatologia, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS: 364 casos foram estudados de maio de 1993 a janeiro de 2006. Utilizou-se o intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento para as análises e para as associações o teste do qui-quadrado bicaudal. Estabeleceu-se nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Predominou o sexo feminino resultando em uma proporção de 1,4 mulheres para cada homem. A média das idades dos pacientes foi de 58,9 anos. Para homens e mulheres, o melanoma cutâneo localizou-se, predominantemente no tronco e pés. O melanoma acrolentiginoso representou 22,3 por cento de toda amostra. Observou-se minoria de casos com lesão primária in situ e alto percentual de melanoma cutâneo espesso. Ulceração foi observada em 13,4 por cento para tumores finos (< 1,0 mm). Homens apresentaram lesões mais espessas (p = 0,011) e ulceradas (p < 0,001) e também idosos (p = 0,021 para a espessura e p = 0,015 para ulceração). CONCLUSÕES: Esta casuística constitui-se, na sua maioria, de tumores espessos e ulcerados, o que significa diagnóstico tardio e pior prognóstico. Também se caracterizou por presença marcante de sexo feminino, pacientes não-brancos, tumores em extremidades e melanoma acrolentiginoso.