Infrared Thermography in the Evaluation of Dental Socket Healing After Photobiomodulation Therapy: A Case Report.

Introduction: The aim of this article was to evaluate the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the alveolar tissue healing process post-extraction using infrared thermography (IT). Case Presentation: A 36-year-old male patient had teeth extractions (18 and 28). Four PBMT sessions (660 nm; 2 J per tooth) were performed in the region of tooth 28 and recorded with thermographic images to compare the healing process, bilaterally. In the first two postoperative sessions, the temperature was higher (hyperradiant) on the left side (treated). After the third laser application, the left side was hyporradiant. In later session, the treated side became hyperradiant compared to the control side. The alveolus of tooth 28 showed more rapid healing than tooth 18 over a period of 60 days. Conclusion: IT can be used to detect the favorable effect of PBMT on accelerating the healing process in the alveolus within 60 days after the tooth extraction.

Profiling the clinical presentation of diagnostic characteristics of a sample of symptomatic TMD patients.

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients might present a number of concurrent clinical diagnoses that may be clustered according to their similarity. Profiling patients' clinical presentations can be useful for better understanding the behavior of TMD and for providing appropriate treatment planning. The aim of this study was to simultaneously classify symptomatic patients diagnosed with a variety of subtypes of TMD into homogenous groups based on their clinical presentation and occurrence of comorbidities. METHODS: Clinical records of 357 consecutive TMD patients seeking treatment in a private specialized clinic were included in the study sample. Patients presenting multiple subtypes of TMD diagnosed simultaneously were categorized according to the AAOP criteria. Descriptive statistics and two-step cluster analysis were used to characterize the clinical presentation of these patients based on the primary and secondary clinical diagnoses. RESULTS: The most common diagnoses were localized masticatory muscle pain (n = 125) and disc displacement without reduction (n = 104). Comorbidity was identified in 288 patients. The automatic selection of an optimal number of clusters included 100% of cases, generating an initial 6-cluster solution and a final 4-cluster solution. The interpretation of within-group ranking of the importance of variables in the clustering solutions resulted in the following characterization of clusters: chronic facial pain (n = 36), acute muscle pain (n = 125), acute articular pain (n = 75) and chronic articular impairment (n = 121). CONCLUSION: Subgroups of acute and chronic TMD patients seeking treatment can be identified using clustering methods to provide a better understanding of the clinical presentation of TMD when multiple diagnosis are present. Classifying patients into identifiable symptomatic profiles would help clinicians to estimate how common a disorder is within a population of TMD patients and understand the probability of certain pattern of clinical complaints.

Barra transpalatina modificada / Modified transpalatal bar

Um tratamento ortodôntico objetivo se desenvolve atrelado a metas de controle dos molares superiores. Muitos são os aparelhos que objetivam sua manipulação e, dentre eles, se destaca a Barra Transpalatina (BTP), desenvolvida por Goshgarian. A partir da sua criação, foram inúmeras as modificações sofridas. A necessidade de expansão transversal, associada ao controle tridimensional dos molares superiores, foi o ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento desta Barra Transpalatina Modificada (BTM), um aparelho versátil de simples confecção e ativação.

Características da oclusão e prevalência de más oclusões em crianças atendidas na Universidade Federal de Goiás / Characteristics of the occlusion and prevalence of malocclusion in children treated at the Federal University of Goiás

Objetivo: Avaliar as características da oclusão e a prevalência das más oclusões em crianças atendidas na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Material e Método: Foram avaliados 116 modelos de estudo de crianças entre 4 e 12 anos de idade atendidas no período entre janeiro de 2007 e julho de 2010. Os modelos foram avaliados por um único examinador, analisando a faixa etária, gênero, trespasse horizontal e vertical, relação transversal posterior e as relações de caninos e de molares. As informações coletadas foram submetidas à análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: A prevalência de más oclusões na amostra foi de 88,8%, sendo mais frequente nas meninas. A relação de caninos em normoclusão bilateral (57,76%) e a relação dos molares em Classe I (38,79%) foram mais frequentes. A condição normal do trespasse vertical e horizontal foi mais prevalente. No entanto, o trespasse horizontal aumentado esteve presente em 26,72% da amostra e a mordida aberta anterior em 21,5%. A mordida cruzada posterior esteve presente em 37,93% das crianças. Conclusões: A maioria das crianças atendidas apresentou algum tipo de má oclusão. No entanto, quando as características avaliadas foram consideradas isoladamente, prevaleceram as condições de normalidade.

Aim: To evaluate the characteristics of occlusion and the prevalence of malocclusion in children treated at the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás. Material and Method: It was evaluated 116 dental casts of children between 4 and 12-yearold treated in the period between January 2007 and July 2010. The casts were evaluated by an only examiner, examining age, gender, overjet and overbite, posterior transverse relationship and the relations of canines and molars. The data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion in the sample was 88.8%, being more common in girls. The bilateral canines normo-occlusion (57.76%) and the molars Class I (38.79%) were more frequent. The assessments of overjet and overbite showed a higher prevalence of normal conditions. However, the increased overjet was present in 26.72% of the sample and anterior open bite in 21.5%. The posterior crossbite was present in 37.93% of children. Conclusions: Most children attended had some type of malocclusion. However, when the characteristics were considered separately, the normal conditions showed prevalent.

[Is facial pattern a predisposing factor for otitis media with effusion in children?]. / O padrão facial é fator predisponente para otite média com efusão em crianças?

UNLABELLED: Abnormalities in craniofacial morphology are associated with Eustachian tube dysfunction and otitis media with effusion (OME). AIM: to evaluate the relationship between facial pattern and craniofacial growth direction, and OME in children with enlarged tonsils and adenoids (ETA). METHODS: Clinical prospective survey in 79 children (41 male and 38 female), ranging from 4 to 10 years of age, with tonsil and adenoid enlargement (Brodsky's grades III and IV). Forty children presented with OME (study group) and 39 did not (control group). Cephalometric analysis was used to determine the facial pattern. RESULTS: There was no correlation observed between facial pattern and OME (c 2 = 0.25 p = 0.88). Facial Axis was larger in the OME group (F(1.75) = 3.68 p = 0.05) and the Lower Anterior Facial height was smaller (F(1. 75) = 3.99 p = 0.05) in children with otitis media with effusion. CONCLUSIONS: There was no correlation between OME and facial pattern in children with ETA although a more horizontal facial growth direction, and a smaller lower anterior facial height was observed consistently among subjects in this group. This suggests that abnormal positioning of the eustachian tube influences the development of OME in children with ETA.

O padrão facial é fator predisponente para otite média com efusão em crianças? / Is facial pattern a predisposing factor for otitis media with effusion in children?

Anormalidades na morfologia craniofacial são associadas à disfunção da tuba auditiva e a otite média com efusão (OME). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre o padrão facial, direção do crescimento craniofacial e OME em crianças com tonsilas faríngea e palatinas aumentadas (TFPA). CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico prospectivo em 79 crianças (41 meninos e 38 meninas), com idades de 4 a 10 anos, com TFPA (níveis III e IV de Brodsky). O grupo de estudo foi composto por 40 crianças com OME, enquanto que o grupo controle foi composto por 39 crianças sem OME. Foi realizada análise cefalométrica. RESULTADOS: Não houve correlação entre o padrão facial e a OMS (c 2 = 0,25 p = 0,88). O grupo com OME apresentou Eixo Facial maior (F(1,75) = 3,68 p = 0,05), e uma Altura Facial Inferior menor (F(1, 75) = 3,99 p = 0,05) quando comparados ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve correlação entre o padrão facial e a OME em crianças com TFPA, ainda que um padrão facial mais horizontal associado à altura facial inferior diminuída foi consistentemente observada. Isto sugere que um posicionamento anormal do tuba auditiva influencia o desenvolvimento da OME em crianças com TFPA.

Abnormalities in craniofacial morphology are associated with Eustachian tube dysfunction and otitis media with effusion (OME). AIM: to evaluate the relationship between facial pattern and craniofacial growth direction, and OME in children with enlarged tonsils and adenoids (ETA). METHODS: Clinical prospective survey in 79 children (41 male and 38 female), ranging from 4 to 10 years of age, with tonsil and adenoid enlargement (Brodsky's grades III and IV). Forty children presented with OME (study group) and 39 did not (control group). Cephalometric analysis was used to determine the facial pattern. RESULTS: There was no correlation observed between facial pattern and OME (c 2 = 0.25 p = 0.88). Facial Axis was larger in the OME group (F(1.75) = 3.68 p = 0.05) and the Lower Anterior Facial height was smaller (F(1. 75) = 3.99 p = 0.05) in children with otitis media with effusion. CONCLUSIONS: There was no correlation between OME and facial pattern in children with ETA although a more horizontal facial growth direction, and a smaller lower anterior facial height was observed consistently among subjects in this group. This suggests that abnormal positioning of the eustachian tube influences the development of OME in children with ETA.

The prevalence of clinical diagnostic groups in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

The aim of this study was to observe the prevalence of diagnostic groups of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in patients who were referred or sought treatment for TMD and/or orofacial pain in a private clinic. The clinical records of 357 patients were evaluated and selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria; the mean age was 32 years. A clinical examination was performed and the diagnosis was based on the American Academy of Orofacial Pain criteria. Results showed that 86.8% of patients were women and 93.3% of the patients presented more than one diagnosis. The most frequent chief complaint (n = 216, chi2 = 30.68, p = 0.001) and total diagnosis realized (n = 748, chi2 = 14.14, p = 0.001) were muscle related. We concluded that women seek treatment for dysfunction/disorders of orofacial structures more than men do; patients seeking specialized treatment have more than one diagnosis and muscle dysfunction is more prevalent than intra-articular disorders.

Craniofacial morphology and otitis media with effusion in children.

Otitis media with effusion (OME) affects 28-38% of pre-school children, and it occurs due to the dysfunction of the auditory tube. Anatomical development of the auditory tube depends on the craniofacial growth and development. Deviations of normal craniofacial morphology and growth using cephalometric studies, may predict the evolution of otitis. Our goal in this paper is to determine if there are differences in craniofacial morphology between children with adenoid enlargement, with and without otitis media with effusion. This is a prospective study in which the sample consisted of 67 children (male and female) from 5 to 10 years old. All patients presented chronic upper airway obstruction due to tonsil and adenoid enlargement (>80% degree of obstruction). Thirty-three patients presented otitis media with effusion, for more than 3 months and 34 did not. The latter composed the control group. Standardized lateral head radiographs were obtained for all subjects. Radiographs were taken with patient positioned by a cephalostat and stayed with mandibles in centric occlusion and lips at rest. Radiographs were digitalized and specific landmarks were identified using a computer program Radiocef 2003, 5th edition. Measurements, angles and lines were taken of the basicranium, maxilla and mandible according to the modified Ricketts analysis. In addition, facial height and facial axis were determined. Children with otitis media with effusion present differences in the morphology of the face, regarding these measures: N-S (anterior cranial base length), N-ANS (upper facial height), ANS-PNS (size of the hard palate), Po-Or.N-Pog (facial depth), Ba-N.Ptm-Gn (facial axis), Go-Me (mandibular length) and Vaia--Vaip (inferior pharyngeal airway).

Relação da otite média secretora com o crescimento craniofacial e as características oclusais / Otitis media with effusion and dental occlusion: is there any relationship?

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a morfologia/crescimento craniofacial e a oclusão dentária em pacientes (ambos sexos), entre 4 e 10 anos e aumento adenoamigdaliano com e sem otite média secretora (OMS). Utilizou-se análise cefalométrica e modelos de estudo dentários. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos estudados, em relação às medidas lineares e angulares adotadas, exceto, a medida correspondente ao comprimento do palato ósseo (ENA-ENP), que mostrou relação com a idade e a OMS. Não houve um tipo facial predominante. Observou-se discreta predominância de mordida profunda, mordida cruzada posterior e desvio da linha média em relação à OMS, porém sem significância estatística. A atresia maxilar pode estar associada à OMS, assim como sua redução pode estar relacionada ao crescimento e desenvolvimento craniofacial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial growth/morphology and dental occlusion in 100 patients (male and female) from 4 to 10 years old and tonsils and adenoid enlargement. There were two groups: with and without otitis media with effusion (OME). We used the cephalometric analyses and dental casts. It was not observed significant differences between the two groups, in relationship to the linear and angular measurements adopted, except for the measurement corresponding to the palate bone length, which had shown correlation with age and OME. It was not found a facial pattern predominance. It was observed a discreet predominance of deep bite, posterior cross bite and midline deviation to OME, however without statistical significance. The maxillary narrowing might be associated to OME as well as its reduction may be related to the craniofacial growth and development.

Perda precoce de dentes decíduos: uma apreciaçäo clínica na regiäo de incisivos superiores e caninos inferiores / Early loss of deciduous teeth: a clinical aproach about upper incisors and lower cuspids, areas

O objetivo precípuo deste trabalho é discorrer de forma didática e baseado na literatura compulsada sobre as conseqüências das perdas precoces de incisivos superiores e caninos decíduos inferiores. Com esse objetivo säo revistos inicialmente, os principais fatores etiológicos e as seqüelas gerais associadas a uma perda precoce. Segundo evidenciam as pesquisas, a perda precoce uni ou bilateral de caninos decíduos inferiores pode constituir um fator agravante de uma má-oclusäo incipiente já instalada. Por outro lado a perda de incisivo decíduo superior requer a intervençäo do profissional somente nos casos de envolvimento estético e nos esparsos casos onde há risco de fechamento de espaço e tendência à instalaçäo de hábitos bucais deletérios

Infra-oclusão submucosa de molar decíduo: relato de um caso clínico / x

A infra-oclusão de molar decíduo e uma anomalia eruptiva na qual o dente comprometido posiciona-se aquém do plano oclusal. Sua principal característica e o seu caráter eminentemente progressivo, já que o molar decíduo infra-ocluído pode, com o tempo atingir níveis submucosos e intra-ósseos. Os autores apresentam um caso clínico de infra-oclusão de molar decíduo e discutem aspectos relativos aos seus efeitos e a conduta clínica adequada em tais casos