Anatomical evaluation of some morphological abnormalities related to periodontal diseases

The presence of some dental abnormalities as a predisposal factor to installation of localized periodontal alterations. The present study was to evaluate the frequency of development abnormalities present on a sample of molars that may predispose to occurrence and progression of periodontal disease. Two hundred and seventy seven molars (141 maxillary and 136 mandibular molars) were selected for this study. The evaluations were performed by two examiners together who was trained and calibrated for the study. All measurements were made by direct visualization with a magnifying glass. The following clinical parameters were measured: Enamel cervical projections; Root trunk: in the three different extensions (<3 mm, >3 mm and <6 mm, >6 mm); Enamel pearls: presence (1) or absence (0). The anatomic observations were made on four surfaces of the tooth: mesial, distal, vestibular and palatal/lingual. Descriptive statistics and percentage distribution were performed. A total of 130 molars showed at least some degree of enamel cervical projection and the most frequent score was the degree 1, according to Masters and Hoskins classification. Fifteen teeth presented enamel pearls and the root trunk was more evident on the group with variation from 3 to 6 mm of extension, observed in 64 teeth. It can be concluded that the presence of development abnormalities is a frequent finding in molars and it has to be taken into consideration during periodontal examination and therapy.

[Single balloon versus Inoue balloon in percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty. Short-term results and complications]. / Balãco Unico versus balão de Inoue na valvoplastia mitral percutânea por balão. Resultados imediatos e complicações.

PURPOSE: To assess short-term results and complications of percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) performed with Inoue balloon (IB) and single low profile balloon (SB). METHODS: We performed 390 PMBV procedures, 29 with IB and 337 with SB. There were no differences in age, sex, echocardiographic score distribution and echocardiographic mitral valve area (MVA). RESULTS: We performed 29 complete procedures with IB and 330 of 337 in SB group. Comparing IB and pre and pos-PMBV data we obtained: mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) 36 +/- 15 and 39 +/- 14 mmHg, p = 0.2033, mean mitral gradient 17 +/- 6 and 20 +/- 77 mmHg, p = 0.0396 and MVA 0.9 +/- 0.2 and 0.9 +/- 0.2 cm2, p = 0.8043 and pos-PMBV:MPAP 25 +/- 8 and 28 +/- 10 mmHg, p = 0.2881, gradient 5 +/- 3 and 5 +/- 4 mmHg, p = 0.2778 and MVA 2.2 +/- 0.2 and 2.0 +/- 0.4 cm2, p = 0.0362. Mitral valve (MV) was competent in 26 patients in IB and in 280 in SB group and we had +/4 mitral regurgitation in 3 patients in IB and in 57 in SB group (p = 0.3591) pre-PMBV respectively and pos-PMBV there was also no difference in MV competence (p = 0.7439). CONCLUSION: Both techniques were effective. Hemodynamic data were also similar although MVA was greater in IB group after PMBV.

[Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty with the single balloon technique. Short-term results, complications and in-hospital follow-up]. / Valvoplastia mitral percutânea com a técnica do balão único. Resultados imediatos, complicações e evolução intra-hospitalar.

PURPOSE: To study the short-term results, complication and in-hospital follow-up of 268 percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) procedures performed with the low-profile monofoil balloon (LPMB) technique from 1990 to 1995. METHODS: A single 30mm balloon diameter was used in 247 (92.9%) procedures, a single 25mm balloon diameter in 9 (3.3%), a single 25mm balloon followed by a single 30mm balloon diameter in 7 (2.6%) and in 5 procedures a balloon was not used. The mean age group was 36 +/- 12 years. Two hundred nineteen (81.7%) procedures were performed in women (mean age 36 +/- 12 years) and 49 (18.3%) in men (mean age, 35 +/- 14 years) (p = 0.78). Patients were in functional class II (NYHA) in 39 (14.5%), class III in 198 (73.9%) and class IV in 31 (11.6%). Patients were in sinus rhythm in 228 (85.1%) procedures and in atrial fibrillation in 40 (14.9%). The echocardiographic score ranged from 4 to 14 (mean 7.2 +/- 1.5). RESULTS: There were 256 complete procedures, 249 of which were successful (mitral valve area (MVA) > or = 1.5cm2 after PMBV). Echocardiographic calculated MVA before PMBV was 0.9 +/- 0.2cm2. Hemodynamic calculated MVA before PMBV was 0.9 +/- 0.2cm2 and after was 2.0 +/- 0.4cm2 (p < 0.000001). Mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 40 +/- 15mmHg to 28 +/- 10mmHg (p < 0.000001) and mitral mean gradient from 20 +/- 7mmHg to 5 +/- 4mmHg (p < 0.000001). In the 256 complete procedures mitral valve (MV) was competent in 214 and there was 1+ mitral regurgitation (MR) in 42. After PMBV, MV was competent in 166 and there was 1+ MR in 68, 2+ in 16, 3+ in 5 and 4+ MR in 1. There were complications in 14 (5.2%) procedures, severe MR in 6 (3 or 4+), stroke in 2 and cardiac tamponade in 6. Two patients died during emergency cardiac surgery after left ventricular perforation and 1 after stroke. CONCLUSION: PMBV with the LPMB was an effective procedure with a high success rate and a low rate of complications as the more usual double-balloon and Inoue balloon techniques.

[Percutaneous balloon mitral valvoplasty. Immediate results, complications and hospital outcome]. / Valvoplastia mitral percutânea por balão. Resultados imediatos, complicações e evolução hospitalar.

PURPOSE: To study the short-term results, complications and in-hospital follow-up of 223 percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) procedures (proc)in 219 patients. METHODS: It was used a single 20mm balloon diameter in 4 proc, double balloon in 7, Inoue balloon in 4 and low profile balloon in 196. The mean-age group was 37.19 years. One hundred eighty three (82.1%) procedures were performed in women (mean age, 36.99 years) and 40 (17.9%) in men (mean age, 38.10 years) (p = 0.63). Patients were in functional class II, (NYHA) in 25 (11.2%) procedures, class III in 165 (74.0%) and class IV in 33 (14.8%). Patients were in sinus rhythm in 182 procedures (81.6%) and in atrial fibrillation in 41 (18.4%). The echocardiographic score range from 4 to 14 (7.4% +/- 1.7). Among 4 and 11 were 98.2% of patients. RESULTS: We had 203 complete proc and success, mitral valve area (MVA) > or = 1.5cm2 after PMBV in 194 proc. Echocardiographic MVA before PMBV was 0.9 +/- 0.2cm2 and after 1.8 +/- 0.3cm2 (p < 0.01). Hemodynamic measures MVA before PMBV was 0.9 +/- 0.2cm2 and after was 1.9 +/- 0.3cm2 (p < 0.01). Mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 39 +/- 14mmHg to 27 +/- 11mmHg (p < 0.01) and mitral mean gradient from 20 +/- 9mmHg to 6 +/- 5mmHg (p < 0.01). In the 203 proc, mitral valve (MV) was competent in 176 and there were 1+ mitral regurgitation (MR) in 27. After PMBV, MV was competent in 126, and there were 1+ MR in 60, 2+ in 10.3+ in 6 and 4+ MR in 1. There was complication in 15 proc, severe MR in 7 (3 or 4+), stroke in 3 and cardiac tamponade in 5. Two patients died during emergency cardiac surgery after left ventricular perforation and one by stroke. CONCLUSION: PMBV was an effective procedure with a high grade of success and low rate of complication.

[Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in the treatment of renovascular hypertension]. / Angioplastia renal transluminal percutânea no tratamento da hipertensão renovascular.

PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) in renovascular hypertension. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with renal artery stenosis and arterial hypertension underwent PTRA. There were 11 male and 12 female, 19 to 78 years old (45.8 +/- 17.41). In 20 lesions the diagnosis was atherosclerosis, in 7 fibromuscular dysplasia and in 1 Takayasu arteritis. Three patients underwent bilateral dilatation and 2 patients repeated the procedure due to restenosis. Two patients presented with acute renal failure and severe bilateral renal artery stenosis. RESULTS: There were 21 technical success in 25 procedures. After 20 satisfactory dilatations, clinical success followed in 17 (100% of cases of fibromuscular dysplasia cases and 77% of atherosclerosis. The fall in diastolic arterial pressure after PTRA was statistical significant (p < 0.001). In two cases acute renal failure the renal function became normal after angioplasty. There were 2 complications and no death attributed to PTRA. CONCLUSION: The method was effective and safe in the management of renovascular hypertension during the short-term follow-up. It was possible in two cases of acute renal failure to normalize renal function.

[Supravalvular aortic stenosis in two black patients]. / Estenose supraaórtica em dois pacientes da raça negra.

Two male black patients, 18 and 12-year-old, with mental retardation and typical elfin face, presented with severe supravalvular aortic stenosis, thus characterizing Williams's or aortic supravalvular stenosis syndrome. Both were submitted to surgical treatment of the stenosis, and are asymptomatic after a one and four years follow-up. For the first time this syndrome, in its classical form, is described in black patients.

[Angioplasty of distal aorta and iliac, femoral, popliteal, renal and subclavian arteries. Early and late results]. / Angioplastia de aorta distal e artérias ilíaca, femoral, poplítea, renal e subclávia. Resultados imediatos e tardios.

PURPOSE: To study the late results of peripheral angioplasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the period of 8 years from August, 1981 until August, 1989, 27 patients were submitted to 33 procedures of peripheral angioplasty. RESULTS: There was success in 29 procedures, an insufficient dilatation in 1 and and failure in 3 (2 new attempts were effective). Success rate was 88% of the procedures; clinical and angiographic success was reached in 25 (93%) of the 27 patients. Thirty four obstructions were successful dilated: 12 in renal artery, 12 in common iliac artery, 4 in external iliac artery, 3 in superficial femoral artery, 1 in distal aorta. In the evolution we had a restenosis of a renal artery that was redilated, a precocious occlusion of a common iliac artery (9% of common iliac artery dilatations and 6% of the total of the iliac dilatations) and a popliteal occlusion. Of the 34 dilatations we had a patency of 91% until 2 months. CONCLUSION: Angioplasty showed to be an effective method with good results in the long term follow-up.