Geospatial and temporal analyses of Bean pod mottle virus epidemics in soybean at three spatial scales.

A statewide survey was carried out from 2005 through 2007 to quantify, map, and analyze the spatial dynamics and seasonal patterns of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) prevalence and incidence within Iowa. In all, 8 to 16 soybean fields were arbitrarily sampled from 96 counties in 2005 and all 99 counties in 2006 and 2007. Field- and county-scale BPMV prevalence and incidence data were mapped using geographic information systems software. BPMV prevalence was highest in the 2006 soybean growing season, when BPMV was detected in 38.7% of all soybean fields, 91.9% of all counties, and 100% of the agricultural climate districts. BPMV incidence at the field scale was highest in 2006, when mean statewide end-of-season incidence was 24.4%. Spatial analyses indicated that BPMV incidence was spatially clustered at the county scale in all three growing seasons. Prevalence at the county scale was clustered in 2005 and 2007 but not in 2006. Semivariogram analyses at the field scale indicated the presence of significant (P ≤ 0.05) spatial dependence (clustering) at distances ≤23.4 km in 2005, 297.7 km in 2006, and 45.2 km in 2007. Data for county-scale incidence displayed a north (low incidence) to south (high incidence) BPMV gradient in each year of the survey. High county-scale BPMV prevalence and incidence levels in 2006 were significantly associated with BPMV prevalence and incidence in 2007 (P ≤ 0.05). Soybean fields with narrow row spacings (≤38 cm) were associated with higher levels of BPMV incidence. Soybean fields infected with BPMV had a higher probability of infection by Phomopsis pod and stem blight than did non-BPMV-infected fields. This study provides new quantitative tools and information to better understand the seasonal, temporal, and geographical distribution of BPMV disease risk at several spatial scales.

[Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney in children] / Tumor primitivo neuroectodérmico de rim em criança.

OBJECTIVES: To characterize primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney as a differential diagnosis for Wilms tumor, and to emphasize the severity of the disease. METHODS: We report the case of a patient with a diagnosis of primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney who underwent nephrectomy and complete tumor resection combined with chemotherapy. RESULTS: Initially, the response of the patient to treatment was favorable, with a few events associated with agranulocytosis resulting from the chemotherapy. Ten months after of the end of treatment, the tumor recurred in the paraspinal cervical region. CONCLUSIONS: Primitive neuroectodermal tumors involving the kidney are very rare and extremely aggressive. In such cases, the pathologist has a major role in establishing a final diagnosis through histological and immunohistochemical methods.

Estrutura da prostata da cobaia (Cavia porcellus, L): reexame da histologia do complexo secretorio. / Structure of the prostate of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus, L): histological reexamination of the secretory complex

No presente trabalho e descrita a morfologia da prostata da cobaia ao nivel do microscopio optico. Observou-se que esta glandula possui dois lobos: dorsal maior e ventral menor, localizada nos paquimeros correpondentes. A estrutura glandular e mucosa havendo predominio da configuracao tubular e alveolar no lobo dorsal. O epitelio secretor esta formado por celulas basais e principais no lobo ventral. Aparentemente, nao se observam celulas basais no lobo dorsal, no qual se obervaram tambem linfocitos intra-epiteliais. A secrecao celular e clara, hialina e tem como caracteristicas: eosinofilia e PAS-positividade