Typing of Staphylococcus aureus from surgical site infections: comparison of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and PCR technique using repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) and Tn916-Shine-Dalgarno (TnSD) target sequences.

Staphylococcus aureus continues to be the main cause of surgical site infections. DNA typing is useful for studying this type of infection and establishing control programs within hospitals. In this study 19 S. aureus strains were isolated from surgical site infections of 19 patients, between August and December 1994 at the Rio de Janeiro University Hospital. The strains were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and by two polymerase chain reaction techniques targeting the repetitive extragenic palindromic and Tn916-Shine Dalgarno sequences. Analysis of the PFGE patterns divided the collection into 15 types, while PCR techniques identified 11 distinct strain patterns. There were two clusters, 1 of four strains and 1 of two strains with related PFGE and PCR patterns. Of the remaining strains, 10 were clustered in 5 PCR patterns but their PFGE patterns showed 4 to 6 different bands, and they were considered to be possibly related. The comparison of the S. aureus typing systems in the present study indicated that the PCR methods are useful for initial screening of genetically related isolates, but strains with identical PCR fingerprint need to be typed with PFGE for detailed strain differentiation.

Emergence of high-level mupirocin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Brazilian university hospitals.

Surveillance for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was implemented in Rio de Janeiro and Uberlândia University Hospitals, which had different policies on use of mupirocin. One hundred fourteen multiresistant MRSA strains were isolated from 62 patients. Mupirocin resistance was observed in 63% of strains in Rio de Janeiro, where there was extensive use of topical mupirocin, and 6.1% in Uberlândia, where its use was rare.