RESUMO
Over the past decade, two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconducting materials, with their distinctive structures and unique physicochemical properties, have attracted attention for potential applications in photonics and optoelectronics. In this study, we utilized time-domain broadband Brillouin scattering on a single germanium monosulfide (GeS) crystal to determine the out-of-plane longitudinal sound speed, evaluated at vL = (4035 ± 200) m/s. The reported results demonstrate the effectiveness of this nondestructive, all-optical technique for measuring the elastic properties in fragile 2D layered materials and provide the value of the out-of-plane compressive elastic constant, C = (69 ± 7) GPa.
RESUMO
Highly energetic ultrashort electron bunches have the potential to reveal the ultrafast structural dynamics in relatively thicker in-liquid samples. However, direct current voltages higher than 100 kV are exponentially difficult to attain as surface and vacuum breakdown become an important problem as the electric field increases. One of the most demanding components in the design of a high-energy electrostatic ultrafast electron source is the high voltage feedthrough (HVFT), which must keep the electron gun from discharging against ground. Electrical discharges can cause irreversible component damage, while voltage instabilities render the instrument inoperative. We report the design, manufacturing, and conditioning process for a new HVFT that utilizes ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene as the insulating material. Our HVFT is highly customizable and inexpensive and has proven to be effective in high voltage applications. After a couple of weeks of gas and voltage conditioning, we achieved a maximum voltage of 180 kV with a progressively improved vacuum level of 1.8 × 10-8 Torr.
