RESUMO
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4061/2011/924595.].
RESUMO
Decrease of bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk is increased in men with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We looked at possible predictors of decreased BMD and increased fracture risk in men with prostate cancer; most of whom were on ADT. In a retrospective study, we analyzed serum, BMD, and clinical risk factors used in the Fracture Risk Assessment (FRAX) tool and others in 78 men with prostate cancer with reported height loss. The subjects were divided in two groups: 22 men with and 56 without vertebral fractures. 17 of the 22 men with vertebral fractures on spine X-rays did not know they had a vertebral fracture. Of those 17 men, 9 had not previously qualified for treatment based on preradiograph FRAX score calculated with BMD, and 6 based on FRAX calculated without BMD. Performing spine films increased the predictive ability of FRAX for vertebral fracture. Vertebral fracture was better predicted by FRAX for other osteoporotic fractures than FRAX for hip fractures. The inclusion of BMD in FRAX calculations did not affect the predictive ability of FRAX. The PSA level showed a positive correlation with lumbar spine BMD and accounted for about 9% of spine BMD.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the clinical utility of language examination by psychiatrists in evaluating Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHOD: Data collected between 1986 and 2003 from a standardized psychiatric examination and neuropsychological testing of probable AD patients (diagnosed according to the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association) were gathered from the database of the University of Texas Southwestern Alzheimer's Disease Center, Dallas. The variables studied were articulation, word-finding ability, hypofluency, hyperfluency, repetition, confrontational naming, and semantic (category) fluency. Articulation, word-finding ability, hypofluency, hyperfluency, repetition, and confrontational naming were rated as normal or abnormal. Semantic fluency was scored numerically as the number of animals named in a minute. Cognitive impairment was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and global impairment by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. RESULTS: There was a significant association (p < .0001) between MMSE and CDR scores for all language measures except hyperfluency. The MMSE scores were higher in the group with responses rated as normal compared to those with abnormal responses. Patients with greater cognitive and global impairment named fewer animals in a minute. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal articulation and repetition of words were unusual and therefore would not be useful for early detection, but when present, were associated with more advanced disease. Impairment in fluency, animal naming, and confrontational naming were common and increased in frequency with greater cognitive and global impairment. Because animal naming is a numerical measure, changes in the number of animals named in a minute can be used to monitor disease progression.
