[Transmasculine people: Gender affirming hormonal therapy, sexual and reproductive health prevention and care, a medical review and follow-up suggestions]. / Population transmasculine : hormonothérapie, prévention et soins en santé sexuelle et reproductive, revue de la littérature et propositions de suivi.

Transmasculine individuals have a poor access to health care, mostly regarding the sexual and reproductive health. Despite a lack of official guidelines, they need a gynecological follow-up, the aim of this review was to describe it. The present study involved an exhaustive search of MEDLINE, 68 articles were included to analyze the impact of hormonal therapy, prevention, and care regarding sexual and reproductive health of transmasculine individuals. Despite a lack of solid data, the global literature agrees that transmasculine individuals require sexual and reproductive health care. Care must be adapted to each pathway and may be impacted by gender-affirming care. The cancer risk does not seem to be increased in this population, particularly in relation to hormonal therapy. Prevention programs do not differ from those offered to cis women in the absence of gender-affirming surgeries. Transmasculine individuals require follow-up and care adapted to their needs and their pathways. Healthcare professionals must be trained to provide such care.

French validation of the oMtFSFI Questionnaire for assessing the sexual function of Transgender women after vulvo-vaginoplasty.

INTRODUCTION: The Operated Male-to-Female Sexual Function Index (oMtFSFI) questionnaire is the first scoring system developed to assess sexual function after gender-affirming vulvo-vaginoplasty, and was initially developed and validated in Italian. The aim of this study was to provide linguistic validation of the questionnaire in French through several steps including use of the questionnaires across a series of patients who had undergone gender-affirming vulvo-vaginoplasty between 2020 and 2022 at two French academic centers. METHOD: The French version of the oMtFSFI questionnaire was obtained through a double translation (Italian to French) and a back-translation (French to Italian), validated by a scientific committee, and cognitively assessed by a panel of expert patients. The questionnaire was then distributed to transgender male to female patients who had undergone genital gender affirming surgery at two French academic centers. RESULTS: The oMtFSFI score consists of 18 questions exploring 7 domains (genital self-image, desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, sexual pain). Among the sixty-four patients who responded to the questionnaire, 16 patients (25%) reported abstaining from sexual activity involving vaginal penetration at the time of the study were excluded. The mean total score was 37, corresponding to mild to moderate sexual dysfunction and 60.4% of the patients reported normal overall sexual function. The level of sexual satisfaction was normal for 68.8% of the patients and the genital self-image was normal for 52.1%. Most of the patients (79.2%) reported at least mild dyspareunia and 10.4% had critical sexual dysfunction. Surgery improved gender dysphoria in 96.7% of patients. There was a strong correlation between the overall oMtFSFI score and the happiness Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (P<0.001) as well as with the quality of life VAS (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The French version of the oMtFSFI questionnaire is the only scoring system specifically developed to assess sexual function after vulvo-vaginoplasty in transgender women linguistically validated in French. Its validation in French language makes it an interesting tool for research and clinical practice.

Sexual health in transgender and gender diverse people.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sexual health and sexual function are critical to the wellbeing of cisgender, transgender, and gender diverse populations. To date, there has been only limited patient-focused evaluation of sexual function in transgender and gender diverse patients at several stages in their gender-affirming medical care. There remains a need to better understand the impact of gender affirming medical and surgical therapy on sexual health, and to develop evidence-based treatments to address sexual dysfunction when present. RECENT FINDINGS: The impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy on sexual health is complex and evolves over time on treatment. Despite high incidences of complications, major genital gender-affirming surgeries such as vulvovaginoplasty and penile implant placement after phalloplasty yield high patient satisfaction. While treatments to preserve or restore erections and to improve vaginal lubrication have been trialed based upon literature in cisgender populations, there remains minimal evidence to guide medical treatment of sexual dysfunction ranging from erectile dysfunction to dyspareunia. SUMMARY: There is a continued need for ongoing efforts to develop patient-reported outcome measures and rigorous investigation of sexual health preservation and restoration treatments in transgender and gender diverse populations.

Management of long-term functional sequelae of pelvic fracture urethral injury.

Pelvic fracture (PF) is a rare emergency, which led to pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI) in 1.6% to 25% of cases. Urethral injury assessment requires a thorough analysis of the initial injury history and imaging that combine cystourethrography acutely, repeat urethral imaging as well as adjunctive use of MRI in the follow-up period. A more complex surgical approach to the delayed reconstruction of PFUI may be predicted by the urethral gap length (cysto-urethrography) or a lower pubo-urethral angle (MRI). Delayed urethroplasty is the treatment of choice, performed once the patient has recovered from other acute injuries, typically at least 3months post-injury. It consists in men in a bulbo-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty which may require several steps of increasing complexity to allow a tension-free anastomosis: corpora splitting, partial inferior pubectomy, and rarely total pubectomy or urethra rerouting. More complex cases of PFUI repair may be encountered (long gap between the two urethral segments, bulbar necrosis, false passage after failed endoscopic realignment, orthopedic hardware in pubic symphyseal region, pediatric PFUI, failed previous urethroplasty, associated anterior urethral stricture, or recto-urethral fistula) and should be managed in expert centers. Urethral patency is achieved by surgical reconstruction with an overall success rate of 86%. Evaluation of potential associated sequelae including erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence must be anticipated and taken into consideration in the path of rehabilitation.

Outcomes after radical nephrectomy with vena cava thrombectomy using multidisciplinary approach: A single center experience.

INTRODUCTION: To describe the perioperative outcomes in patients treated with radical nephrectomy with cava thrombectomy at all thrombi levels using a multidisciplinary approach, with or without extracorporeal circulation (ECC), and to identify factors associated with perioperative morbidity. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 42 patients who were diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and a vena cava thrombus and treated with radical nephrectomy and cava thrombectomy by a double surgical team at Lyon University Hospital from 2008 through 2021. The surgeons operated in the cardiothoracic operating theater to proceed with median sternotomy or ECC, if necessary. The primary endpoint of this study was perioperative morbidity and mortality assessed using the Clavien-Dindo scale. Complications were recorded until 90 days after surgery, and those classified as grade IIIa or higher were considered high-grade complications. RESULTS: Overall, 32 (76%) patients required ECC. No intraoperative mortality occurred; however, two patients (5%) died within 30 days. Complications occurred within 30 days in 30 patients (72%), with severe complications observed in 10 patients (24%). No further complications occurred between 30 and 90 days. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, thrombus level, ECC, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, symptoms, and metastasis at presentation were not significantly associated with high-grade complications (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Multidisciplinary approach is essential and frequent use of ECC, when achieved by a trained team, may facilitate surgery, and is associated with low perioperative morbidity, especially for patients with high-level thrombi. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

50 years of inflatable penile implants: Where do we stand in France?

INTRODUCTION: With 50 years' experience, inflatable penile implants are the preferred option for erectile dysfunction refractory to pharmacological and mechanical treatment. Technical and surgical improvements have optimized patient success and satisfaction. However, multi-factorial dissatisfaction persists. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to provide an overview of available technological improvements and innovations, as well as the perioperative management and complications of inflatable penile implant surgery. METHOD: A literature review was carried out over the last twenty years to answer 4 questions: what are the different inflatable penile implants available in 2023, for which indications, results and complications. RESULTS: Four companies propose inflatable penile implants in France. The main improvements have been in the various components of the prosthesis with better cylinder extension, more ergonomic reservoirs, and more manageable pumps, leading to a better durability. Indications have been extended to patients suffering from Peyronie's disease and in emergency cases of priapism. In response to demand from the transgender population, specific phalloplasty implants have been developed. New options are being developed for difficult cases of retracted penis. Results show a high satisfaction rate. Currently the main challenge is the management of infection with the development of rescue protocols using antibiotics to preserve implants - or replace them in a single operation. CONCLUSION: After 50years' experience, improvements in penile implants led to effective, satisfactory and safe treatment and can be proposed in new indications. Further development is sill necessary to offer solutions in difficult cases.

Research priorities in trans health: a Delphi-study.

Purpose: Progress has been made in understanding trans health needs, but research priorities are often set by policy or healthcare professionals without trans input, which may not reflect public needs. Our study sought to identify trans health research priorities in France from both researchers and the trans community. Methods: Expert stakeholders (health and social sciences professionals, trans individuals, and their families) answered a three-round Delphi survey on trans health research priorities. The first round involved an open-ended questionnaire, analyzed qualitatively. In the second round, participants ranked research propositions from round one using a Likert scale. The study's second phase involved a two-hour workshop with experts and trans individuals. Results: 53 participants (32% trans individuals/relatives, 60% health professionals) contributed 217 responses to open-ended questions, leading to 44 research priorities. After the two voting rounds, a total of five proposals reached a strong consensus cut-off and were considered as the main research priorities: evaluation of the effect of puberty blocker use in trans children and adolescents (95%), evaluation of the effect of supporting trans children and adolescents (92%), study of the support systems available for trans youth and their parents (86%), persistence of trans identity around puberty (prevalence, persistent persons characteristics) (86%), and needs assessment survey of the support for adolescents and their families (83%). Thirteen other proposals were considered moderate priorities. Conclusion: The main consensus in our French study concerned research on trans-youth care and support needs. Our results may guide further trans-health research that meets the public's needs and desires.

Primary urethral carcinoma: Recommendations of the oncology committee of the French Urology Association.

Primary urethral carcinoma (PUC) is defined as a tumor process arising within the urethra, with no history of other urinary tract localization or synchronous tumor of the urinary tract. The most common histological types are urothelial carcinoma (UC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). In men, UC predominates, while AC is rare. In women, AC affects around one in two patients, while EC and UC are equally divided between the remaining cases. Diagnosis is often delayed, and requires endoscopic examination with biopsies. MRI is the gold standard for local staging. FDG-PET scan can help in cases of doubt about regional or distant extension. The prognosis remains unfavorable despite aggressive surgical treatment. Multimodal management combining surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy appears to improve prognosis in severe forms.

The Impact of Histological Variants on Oncological Outcomes After Surgical Resection of a Nonmetastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Tumor Thrombus: A Multi-institutional Study.

Background: There is no definitive evidence of the prognosis impact of histological variants (HVs) in patients who undergo surgical resection of a nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (nm-RCC) with venous tumor thrombus (TT). Objective: To investigate the impact of HVs on the prognosis of patients with nm-RCC with TT after radical surgery. Design setting and participants: Patients who underwent radical nephrectomy with the removal of the venous TT for an nm-RCC were included in a retrospective study. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Three groups were identified: clear cell (ccRCC), papillary (pRCC), and chromophobe (chRCC) RCC. The primary outcome measures (disease-free and overall survival [OS]) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to study the impact of HVs on survival. Results and limitations: A total of 873 patients were included. The histological subtypes were distributed as follows: ccRCC in 780 cases, pRCC in 58 cases, and chRCC in 35 cases. At the time of data analysis, 612 patients were recurrence free and 228 had died. A survival analysis revealed significant differences in both OS and recurrence-free survival across histological subtypes, with the poorest outcomes observed in pRCC patients (p < 0.05). In a multivariable analysis, pRCC was independently associated with worse disease-free survival and OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.71; p = 0.01 and HR: 1.24; p = 0.04), while chRCC was associated with more favorable outcomes than ccRCC (HR: 0.05; p < 0.001 and HR: 0.02; p < 0.001). A limitation of the study is its retrospective nature. Conclusions: In this multicentric series, HVs appeared to impact the medium-term oncological prognosis of kidney cancer with TT. Patient summary: This study investigated the differences in oncological outcomes among histological variants (clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe) in a cohort of nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with venous tumor thrombus extension. We observed that these histological variants within this specific subgroup exhibit distinct outcomes, with papillary renal cell carcinoma being associated with the worst prognosis.

Surgical management for penile fracture: A retrospective, observational, multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to make an inventory of surgical practices and their consequences in the short and medium term on sexuality and micturition comfort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective multicenter study over ten years on 63 men who had an operation for a fracture of the corpora cavernosa associated or not with a urethral lesion. Patient history, clinical presentation, surgical management as well as postoperative data were collected from operative reports. Residual penis curvature, IIEF5 score, IPSS score and residual pain were collected during a telephone interview during data collection. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was demonstrated for IIEF5, IPSS, sequelae curvature, pain during intercourse, time to resumption of sexual life, rate of surgical resumption between use of absorbable or non-absorbable threads and between the realization of an overlock or a separate point. We found a significant difference in the time taken to resume sexual activity, between surgical exploration by degloving compared to elective surgical exploration. CONCLUSION: Our study shows great variability in the surgical management of penile fractures, with no influence in the short and medium term on sexuality and urination comfort. Medium-term complications such as erectile dysfunction, curvature of the penis and pain during sexual intercourse seem frequent and insufficiently diagnosed, but decrease during urological follow-up.

Post-prostatectomy anastomotic stenosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic procedures for treating vesico-urethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS) after prostatectomy, as initial VUAS management remains unclear. METHODS: A search of the MEDLINE database, the Cochrane database, and clinicaltrials.gov was performed (last search February 2023) using the following query: (['bladder neck' OR 'vesicourethral anastomotic' OR 'anastomotic'] AND ['stricture' OR 'stenosis' OR 'contracture'] AND 'prostatectomy'). The primary outcome was the success rate of VUAS treatment, defined by the proportion (%) of patients without VUAS recurrence at the end of follow-up. RESULTS: The literature search identified 420 studies. After the screening, 78 reports were assessed for eligibility, and 40 studies were included in the review. The pooled characteristics of the 40 studies provided a total of 1452 patients, with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) follow-up of 23.7 (13-32) months and age of 66 (64-68) years. The overall success rate (95% confidence interval [CI]) of all endoscopic procedures for VUAS treatment was 72.8% (64.4%-79.9%). Meta-regression models showed a negative influence of radiotherapy on the overall success rate (P = 0.012). After trim-and-fill (addition of 10 studies), the corrected overall success rate (95% CI) was 62.9% (53.6%-71.4%). CONCLUSION: This first meta-analysis of endoscopic treatment success rate after VUAS reported an overall success rate of 72.8%, lowered to 62.9% after correcting for significant publication bias. This study also highlighted the need for a more thorough reporting of post-prostatectomy VUAS data to understand the treatment pathway and provide higher-quality evidence-based care.

Management of pediatric renal trauma - Results from the American Association for Surgery and Trauma Multi-Institutional Pediatric Acute Renal Trauma Study (Mi-PARTS).

BACKGROUND: Pediatric renal trauma is rare and lacks sufficient population-specific data to generate evidence-based management guidelines. A non-operative approach is preferred and has been shown to be safe. However, bleeding risk assessment and management of collecting system injury is not well understood. We introduce the Multi-institutional Pediatric Acute Renal Trauma Study (Mi-PARTS), a retrospective cohort study designed to address these questions. This manuscript describes the demographics and contemporary management of pediatric renal trauma at Level I trauma centers in the United States. METHODS: Retrospective data were collected at 13 participating Level I trauma centers on pediatric patients presenting with renal trauma between 2010-2019. Data were gathered on demographics, injury characteristics, management, and short-term outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to report on demographics, acute management and outcomes. RESULTS: In total 1216 cases were included in this study. 67.2% were male, and 93.8% had a blunt injury mechanism. 29.3% had isolated renal injuries. 65.6% were high-grade (AAST Grade III-V) injuries. The mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 20.5. Most patients were managed non-operatively (86.4%) 3.9% had an open surgical intervention, including 2.7% having nephrectomy. Angioembolization was performed in 0.9%. Collecting system intervention was performed in 7.9%. Overall mortality was 3.3% and was only observed in polytrauma. The rate of avoidable transfer was 28.2%. CONCLUSION: The management and outcomes of pediatric renal trauma lacks data to inform evidence-based guidelines. Non-operative management of bleeding following renal injury is a well-established practice. Intervention for renal trauma is rare. Our findings reinforce differences from the adult population, and highlights opportunities for further investigation. With data made available through Mi-PARTS we aim to answer pediatric specific questions, including a pediatric-specific bleeding risk nomogram, and better understanding indications for interventions for collecting system injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV, Epidemiological (prognostic/epidemiological, therapeutic/care management, diagnostic test/criteria, economic/value-based evaluations, and Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis).

Zone-specific computer-aided diagnosis system aimed at characterizing ISUP ≥ 2 prostate cancers on multiparametric magnetic resonance images: evaluation in a cohort of patients on active surveillance.

PURPOSE: To assess a region-of-interest-based computer-assisted diagnosis system (CAD) in characterizing aggressive prostate cancer on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from patients under active surveillance (AS). METHODS: A prospective biopsy database was retrospectively searched for patients under AS who underwent MRI and subsequent biopsy at our institution. MRI lesions targeted at baseline biopsy were retrospectively delineated to calculate the CAD score that was compared to the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version 2 score assigned at baseline biopsy. RESULTS: 186 patients were selected. At baseline biopsy, 51 and 15 patients had International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 cancer respectively. The CAD score had significantly higher specificity for ISUP ≥ 2 cancers (60% [95% confidence interval (CI): 51-68]) than the PI-RADS score (≥ 3 dichotomization: 24% [CI: 17-33], p = 0.0003; ≥ 4 dichotomization: 32% [CI: 24-40], p = 0.0003). It had significantly lower sensitivity than the PI-RADS ≥ 3 dichotomization (85% [CI: 74-92] versus 98% [CI: 91-100], p = 0.015) but not than the PI-RADS ≥ 4 dichotomization (94% [CI:85-98], p = 0.104). Combining CAD findings and PSA density could have avoided 47/184 (26%) baseline biopsies, while missing 3/51 (6%) ISUP 2 and no ISUP ≥ 3 cancers. Patients with baseline negative CAD findings and PSAd < 0.15 ng/mL2 who stayed on AS after baseline biopsy had a 9% (4/44) risk of being diagnosed with ISUP ≥ 2 cancer during a median follow-up of 41 months, as opposed to 24% (18/74) for the others. CONCLUSION: The CAD could help define AS patients with low risk of aggressive cancer at baseline assessment and during subsequent follow-up.

Bilateral Pedicled Scrotal Flaps as an Alternative to Skin Graft in Penile Shaft Defects Repair.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze surgical and functional outcomes of bilateral pedicled scrotal flaps for penile shaft reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 22 patients who underwent penile shaft reconstruction with bilateral pedicled scrotal flaps between 2009 and 2017. Demographics, peri-operative data, and surgical complications were collected. Functional outcomes were analyzed using a questionnaire made of the erection hardness score, the patient and observer scar assessment scale, and a 10-point Likert scale measuring patients... satisfaction about their skin coloration, sensitivity, elasticity and thickness, penile size, scrotal volume, erection quality, penetration ability, pain, sexual satisfaction, body image, masculinity, self-esteem, and global satisfaction. RESULTS: Patients exhibited a wide range of indications, including buried penis (27.2%), or subcutaneous injections of foreign material (27.2%). Early complications were suture dehiscence (31.8%), infection (13.6%) and hematoma (4.6%), associated with 9.1% of surgical revisions. Late complications were skin retraction (27.3%), testicular ascension (22.7%), pyramidal shape (4.6%) or shortening (13.6%) of the penis, associated with 27.3% of surgical revisions. For the 12 patients who answered the questionnaire, median erection hardness score and patient and observer scar assessment scale score [IQR] were 3.5 out of 4 [2.5-4] and 11.5 out of 60 [9.5-22], respectively. The patients reported a positive impact of the surgery on their psychological condition, with a median score of global satisfaction of 8 [IQR 7.5-9.5]. CONCLUSION: Bilateral pedicled scrotal flaps seem.ßto be a safe alternative for shaft defects reconstruction despite a potential need of surgical revision, providing satisfactory functional outcomes.

Determining the outcomes of urethral construction in phalloplasty.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical and functional outcomes of urethral reconstruction associated with phalloplasty, depending on the surgical techniques and patient history. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a single-centre retrospective study including 89 patients who underwent phalloplasty with urethral reconstruction between 2007 and 2018. Patients included were trans-male patients undergoing gender-affirming surgery and cis-male patients undergoing penile reconstruction after trauma, congenital malformation, or cancer. Urethral reconstructions were performed by free flap or skin graft (total or thin). Secondary urethroplasty may include direct vision urethrotomy, excision-anastomosis, or augmentation urethroplasty (skin graft, buccal mucosa graft). Patient demographics, medical history, peri- and postoperative data were collected from patient files. Functional results were evaluated using individual questionnaires. RESULTS: The mean (±sd) follow-up duration was 5.5 (±3.7) years. No significant difference was found for total urethral complication rate (fistula and/or stricture) according to type of urethral construction (70.9% for free flap urethra vs 73.5% for skin graft urethra; P = 0.911), nor according to the patient's grounds for surgery (72.7% for cis-male vs 71.8% for trans-male patients; P = 1). A total of 36 patients (40.5%) answered the functional questionnaire, of whom 80.5% reported usually voiding while standing and 47.5% were comfortable with urinating in public. CONCLUSIONS: Urethral construction in phalloplasty is associated with a high complication and revision rate regardless of the type of urethral reconstruction. Voiding in a standing position is generally possible but should not conceal feeble functional results.

Functional and surgical outcomes after phalloplasty in cis men.

PURPOSE: Evaluate the surgical outcomes along with a comprehensive assessment of functional outcomes in cis men (non-trans) who underwent phalloplasty. METHODS: All consecutive cis men who underwent phalloplasty from 2008 to 2018 for penile insufficiency due to various causes were included. These underwent phalloplasty by either a radial forearm free flap (RFFF) or suprapubic phalloplasty (SPP). Data were collected from medical files. A questionnaire was sent a minimum of 1 year after surgery to each patient to evaluate sexual function and self-esteem, satisfaction with genitals, and urinary function. RESULTS: Among the 19 patients included, 12 underwent RFFF and 7 SPP; 25% of those who had RFF and 14.3% of those with SPP had a Clavien-Dindo ≥ 2 complication. A total of 16 patients had a urethroplasty procedure, 50.0% of whom had a Clavien-Dindo ≥ 2 complication. Penile prostheses were implanted in 14 patients; 64.3% of whom had a complication. Seven patients answered the questionnaire (36.8%); the relationship satisfaction score was 89.5/100 and the confidence score was 100/100. Among the 5 patients who had a sexual relationship, all reported having a lot of pleasure during sexual intercourse and reached orgasm at least "regularly". At least 66.7% of the patients were "satisfied" or "very satisfied" about the size and the appearance of genitals. Among the 5 patients who answered questions regarding urinary function, 60.0% had standing micturition, and 80.0% reported being comfortable in public toilets. CONCLUSION: Despite the high frequency of complications and the need for revision surgery, phalloplasty seems to allow a satisfying psychosexual and urinary functions for cis men suffering from penile insufficiency.

Bladder cancer detection in patients with neurogenic bladder: are cystoscopy and cytology effective, and are biomarkers pertinent as future diagnostic tools? A scoping review.

PURPOSE: To summarize the current state of knowledge on bladder cancer diagnosis and screening in neurogenic bladder patients, and to explore the potential contribution of biomarkers in this context. METHODS: A scoping review was performed to retrieve cystoscopy and urinary cytology performance for bladder cancer detection in neurogenic bladder patients. We also retrieved information of certified urinary biomarkers in bladder cancer detection and their potential application for this specific population. RESULTS: A total of 1092 articles were identified; 19 of them were included in the scoping review regarding cytology and cystoscopy performance in patients with neurogenic bladder and 33 were included as related to biomarkers in bladder cancer. No significant study stood out to recommend bladder cancer screening in this specific population using cytology and cystoscopy because of the scarcity of results, low level-of-evidence studies, and lack of studies specifically designed to assess the test performance in this population. Two biomarkers were retained as potential future diagnostic tools: FISH analysis to detect chromosomal changes, and PCR for TERT and FGFR3 promoter mutation detection, associated or not with KRAS mutation detection. CONCLUSION: There is no sufficient quality data to support cystoscopy and urinary cytology as effective tools for the diagnostic and surveillance of bladder cancer in neurogenic bladder patients. FISH analysis to detect chromosomal changes, and PCR for TERT and FGFR3 promoter mutation detection, associated or not with KRAS mutation detection, stand out as candidates of interest for bladder cancer detection in this specific population and should be prospectively tested.

Female Sexual Function and Body Image After Urinary Diversion for Benign Conditions.

BACKGROUND: Simple cystectomy with urinary diversion is the favored option for treating conditions responsible of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after failure of conservative treatments. Despite the existence of validated assessment tools, the impact of cystectomy on female sexual function remains scarcely investigated. AIM: The aim was to assess the sexual function and body image of female patients who underwent urinary diversion for a nonmalignant condition and to investigate the factors that may influence sexual life quality. METHODS: 36 female patients who underwent urinary diversion ± cystectomy for a benign condition between January 1, 2007 and December 15, 2019 were included. Standardized questionnaires were sent by mail between February and April 2021. Additional data were collected from patient computerized medical records. OUTCOMES: The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Body Image Scale (BIS), and Stoma Quality Of life (StomaQOL) questionnaires were used to assess sexual activity, body image, and quality of life related to a noncontinent stoma, respectively. The quality of pre- and postoperative information was also assessed. RESULTS: The most frequent etiology of bladder dysfunction was multiple sclerosis (14, 38.9%). After surgery, 29 (80.6%) patients were sexually active and the mean (range) overall FSFI score was 15.2 (2-33.3). The mean (range) overall FSFI score and FSFI Arousal sub-score were lower for the 14 patients with an ileal conduit [11.1(2-33.3] and 1 (0-4.5)) compared to the 14 patients with a continent stoma or a native urethra [19.2 (2-29.3]; P = .04 and 3.15(0-5.4); P = .014). Regarding sexual counseling, 27 (79.4%) patients did not receive any information before surgery about possible consequences on their sexual activity, 31 (91.2%) were not asked about their sexual activity during follow-up. The mean BIS score was higher for patients with an ileal conduit (14.8) compared to patients with a continent stoma (9.7) or a native urethra (5.1; P = .002). Patients with an ileal conduit had a mean StomaQOL score of 52.56. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Optimal management should include, at least, routine assessment of sexual function prior to simple cystectomy and screening for sexual dysfunction during follow-up. Strengths and limitations The main strength of this study lies in the use of validated standardized questionnaires, including the FSFI that is considered as the most relevant tool for assessing female sexual function. Limitations include the small number of patients and the potential memory bias. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests the urinary diversion mode has an impact on sexual function and body image after cystectomy for benign condition. Louar M, Morel-Journel N, Ruffion A, et al. Female Sexual Function and Body Image After Urinary Diversion for Benign Conditions. J Sex Med 2022;19:263-269.