RESUMO
Introdução: O uso da corrente elétrica é imprescindível nas nossas atividades do cotidiano, porém, seu contato com tecidos vivos pode provocar queimaduras desde leves até graves ou fatais. Por se tratar de um problema de saúde pública, o conhecimento de sua epidemiologia é essencial para o desenvolvimento de programas em saúde. Método: Estudo transversal de dados registrados nos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos por queimadura elétrica na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia entre os anos de 2013 e 2019. Resultados: Foram admitidos 26 pacientes, a maioria de sexo masculino (76,9%) e adultos (30,7%), vítimas de corrente de alta voltagem (65,4%) no trabalho (57,7%), que mais afetou as extremidades superiores (80,7%), sendo as crianças todas do sexo feminino (15,3%). O percentual médio de área queimada foi de 14,5% e o percentual de tratados com autoenxerto de pele foi de 53,8%. A média de permanência hospitalar foi de 40 dias e 3,8% deles foram para a Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Não se registraram óbitos durante o período. Conclusão: A incidência de pacientes atendidos por queimadura elétrica é baixa, acometendo vítimas em todas as faixas etárias e com predomínio em indivíduos adultos do sexo masculino em seu local de trabalho. O tratamento cirúrgico mais realizado foi o autoenxerto de pele. As políticas de promoção, prevenção e proteção em saúde no que diz respeito aos perigos da corrente elétricas não estariam sendo praticadas e difundidas em nossa população doméstica, laboral ou empregadora, diferentemente como ocorre em grande parte dos países desenvolvidos.
Introduction: Using electric current is essential in our daily activities; however, its contact with living tissue can cause mild to severe or fatal burns. As it is a public health problem, knowledge of its epidemiology is essential for the development of health programs. Method: Cross-sectional study of data recorded in the medical records of patients treated for electrical burns at the Burns Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia between 2013 and 2019. Results: 26 patients were admitted, the majority of whom were male (76 .9%) and adults (30.7%), victims of high voltage current (65.4%) at work (57.7%), which most affected the upper extremities (80.7%), with children all female (15.3%). The average percentage of burned area was 14. 5% and the % of those treated with skin autograft was 53.8%. The average hospital stay was 40 days, and 3.8% went to the Intensive Care Unit. No deaths were recorded during the period. Conclusion: The incidence of patients treated for electrical burns is low, affecting victims in all age groups and with a predominance of adult males in their workplace. The most common surgical treatment was skin autograft. Health promotion, prevention, and protection policies regarding the dangers of electrical currents would not be practiced and disseminated among our domestic, working, or employing population, unlike what occurs in most developed countries.
RESUMO
Human visceral leishmaniasis is an emergent/re-emergent parasitic zoonotic disease in Europe caused by Leishmania infantum, with domestic dog as its main reservoir host. This study presents the results of a canine epidemiological survey in a mediterranean region where human and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) are endemic - Portugal. The main goal was to identify risk factors, which can be relevant for Leishmania infection control. The national survey was carried out in January 2009 with a screening of 3974 dogs from all 18 districts of mainland Portugal. Direct Agglutination Test was used for the detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies in canine blood. An overall CanL true prevalence of 6.31% was observed. Apparent prevalence at district level ranged from 0.88% to 16.16%, with the highest prevalence in the interior regions. Identified risk factors for positivity were: dogs of 2 years and older (adjusted odds ratio OR=5.39); spending exclusively/most of the time outdoors (OR=2.51); origin from the interior of Portugal in comparison to littoral/coast districts (OR=2.51); not having long fur (OR=2.03); and being pure exotic (OR=1.67). The results confirm the leishmaniasis endemicity in Portugal and the dynamic character of prevalence as new foci emerged and old foci lost their importance. The dog's age, fur size, district and living outdoors as opposed to indoors were more important than dog breeds and insecticide treatment in the transmission of Leishmania infection. The future of CanL prevention and control rely on an integrated approach involving veterinarians, dog owners and health authorities in order to reduce the canine infection risk and consequently, the human zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis.
