Selective Collection of Exhaled Breath Condensate for Noninvasive Screening of Breath Glucose.

BACKGROUND: Although exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a promising noninvasive sample for detecting respiratory analytes such as glucose, current EBC collection methods yield inconsistent results. METHODS: We developed a custom EBC collection device with a temperature-based algorithm to selectively condense alveolar air for reproducible EBC glucose detection. We characterized the condensate volumes and the corresponding glucose concentrations. We performed a pilot study demonstrating its use during oral glucose tolerance tests. RESULTS: The novel device selectively captured alveolar air resulting in slightly higher and less variable glucose concentrations than the overall EBC. Participants with type 2 diabetes demonstrated significantly higher blood plasma-EBC glucose ratios than normoglycemic participants. CONCLUSIONS: Temperature-based selective EBC collection allows EBC glucose measurement and is a promising sampling method to distinguish patients with and without diabetes.

Selective Collection and Condensation of Exhaled Breath for Glucose Detection.

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a promising non-invasive sample for the detection of various analytes, such as glucose. However, the methods used to collect EBC are highly inconsistent; the variable dilution factors associated with water vapor and the inclusion of dead space air significantly impact the reliability of reported analyte concentrations in EBC. For example, current EBC glucose measurements have resulted in dilution factors ranging from 1/1000 to 1/50000 [1]. There is a need for a systematic and selective EBC collection method to ensure accurate analyte detection and quantification. Herein, we develop and characterize a low-cost, portable condenser which selectively collects exhaled breath that has been exchanged with lung fluid in a temperature-based manner. We demonstrate that for ~15 L of exhaled air, our device can condense reproducible volumes of EBC $({\lt} 130~ {\mu } \mathrm {L})$ in under 3 minutes (p > 0.05, n = 3). Furthermore, our results indicate that a higher concentration of glucose can be detected in the collected sample with selective valve opening (p < 0.05, n = 3). The development of this device enables a repeatable and robust collection method to enable the evaluation of correlations between analytes in EBC and blood.