RESUMO
The phytochemical investigation of Broussonetia kazinoki roots led to the isolation of ten compounds, including six flavonoids (1–6), two lignans (7 and 8), and two coumarins (9 and 10) by comparing their 1H and 13C NMR spectra with reference values. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 9 and 10 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Among the ten isolates, compounds 2, 4, and 6 exhibited inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 11.98, 10.16, and 24.06 μM, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 2, 4, and 6 reduced LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of cells with these compounds also significantly suppressed LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression. Compounds 2, 4, and 6 also showed cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells with IC50 values ranging between 46.43 and 94.06 μM.
RESUMO
The phytochemical investigation of Broussonetia kazinoki roots led to the isolation of ten compounds, including six flavonoids (1–6), two lignans (7 and 8), and two coumarins (9 and 10) by comparing their 1H and 13C NMR spectra with reference values. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 9 and 10 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Among the ten isolates, compounds 2, 4, and 6 exhibited inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 11.98, 10.16, and 24.06 μM, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 2, 4, and 6 reduced LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of cells with these compounds also significantly suppressed LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression. Compounds 2, 4, and 6 also showed cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cells with IC50 values ranging between 46.43 and 94.06 μM.
RESUMO
This paper describes the route, from simulations toward experiments, for optimizing the magnetoelectric (ME) geometries for vortex magnetic field sensors. The research is performed on the base of the Metglas/Piezoelectric (PZT) laminates in both open and closed magnetic circuit (OMC and CMC) geometries with different widths (W), lengths (L), and diameters (D). Among these geometries, the CMC laminates demonstrate advantages not only in their magnetic flux distribution, but also in their sensitivity and in their independence of the position of the vortex center. In addition, the ME voltage signal is found to be enhanced by increasing the magnetostrictive volume fraction. Optimal issues are incorporated to realize a CMC-based ME double sandwich current sensor in the ring shape with D × W = 6 mm × 1.5 mm and four layers of Metglas. At the resonant frequency of 174.4 kHz, this sensor exhibits the record sensitivity of 5.426 V/A as compared to variety of devices such as the CMC ME sensor family, fluxgate, magnetoresistive, and Hall-effect-based devices. It opens a potential to commercialize a new generation of ME-based current and (or) vortex magnetic sensors.
