Late diagnosis of positive HIV serology in pregnancy incidentally discovered by the widespread appearance of Kaposi's sarcoma.

The authors report a case of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) found in a pregnant woman. On discovery, the condition had spread throughout her body as is characteristic in some cases of individuals with HIV-positive serology. She was unaware of her HIV positive status. Her HIV infection had been diagnosed at the same time as KS at her last prenatal consultation. The newborn was delivered by an uncomplicated cesarean section. Appropriate treatment and multidisciplinary management after childbirth resulted in complete remission.

Spontaneous cutaneous umbilical endometriosis: a rare variant of extragenital endometriosis.

Umbilical endometriosis is a very uncommon condition which presents as a pigmented umbilical nodule, papular or cystic, with symptoms punctuated rhythmed by menses. The authors report the case of a 32-year-old with spontaneous umbilical endometriosis. Surgical resection was performed with a good cosmetic result and no recurrence at six months. A review of the literature allowed the authors to discuss the diagnosis difficulties and treatment in a underdeveloped country.

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS): can something be done during pregnancy in African poor countries? Three cases and review of the literature.

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) is a fetal congenital malformation, affecting mainly the limbs, but also the craniofacial area and internal organs. Two mains pathogenic mechanisms are proposed in its genesis. Firstly the early amnion rupture (exogenous theory) leading to fibrous bands, which wrap up the fetal body; secondly, the endogenous theory privileges vascular origin, mesoblastic strings not being a causal agent. The authors believe that the second theory explain the occurrence of ABS. The outcome of the disease during pregnancy depends on the gravity of the malformations. Interruption of the pregnancy is usually proposed when diagnosis of severe craniofacial and visceral abnormalities is confirmed. Whereas minor limb defects can be repaired with postnatal surgery. In case of an isolated amniotic band with a constricted limb, in utero lysis of the band can be considered to avoid a natural amputation. In an African country, such treatment is not possible as far as the antenatal diagnosis.

Spontaneous rupture of uterine varices in third trimester pregnancy: an unexpected cause of hemoperitoneum. A case report and literature review.

The authors report a case of spontaneous rupture of uterine varices occurring in the third trimester of pregnancy. It was responsible for a collapse in breast hemoperitoneum. The patient, whose pregnancy was a simple, suddenly felt symptoms of preterm labor. There was a rapid onset of maternal collapse with acute fetal distress. Only emergency exploratory laparotomy allowed for etiological diagnosis and treatment.

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma developing in a young black African HIV woman.

Vulvar cancers are uncommon, represented in 90% of cases by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The reduction of the frequency and the severity proceed by recognition of precancerous or beginning lesions. They occur most often in the third age in postmenopausal women. The diagnosis is almost difficult and often late and therefore prognosis is severe. Conditions for diagnosis and treatment are difficult in underdeveloped countries due to the inaccessibility of proper equipment in the healthcare system. The authors report a case of SCC diagnosed late in a young human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) women who have been treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery of the vulva.

Ruptured subcapsular liver hematoma and pregnancy: a rare complication of severe preeclampsia: a report of a case discovered fortuitously at the Maternity Teaching Hospital of Cocody.

We report a case of spontaneous rupture of a subcapsular hematoma of the liver (SHL). It was discovered incidentally at the end of an emergency exploratory laparotomy performed due to unexplained hemoperitoneum with hypovolemic shock which occurred with severe preeclampsia. Diagnosis and therapeutic management are very difficult in sub-Saharan Africa due in part to the limitations and lack of medical equipment. The prognosis is usually marked by the death of the patient, as in our case. Through this clinical observation we wanted to show the interest in performing a liver ultrasound at any level of preeclampsia to detect liver abnormalities as soon as possible.