Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes-based subtypes and genomic characteristics of EBV-associated lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) offer a key for morphological diagnosis of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) and are the foundation of oncoimmunology. To date, no reports have found a specific risk stratification value of TILs and related it to genomic variation in LELC. Based on the stromal TILs (str-TILs) ratio, we classified 105 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated LELC cases into two subtypes: patients with ≥60% str-TILs area ratio in tumor were classified as subtype I, and otherwise as subtype II. Subtype I patients had significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We also explored the genomic characteristics of EBV-associated LELC within different involved organs. We performed whole-exome sequencing for 51 patients with enough tissue and analyzed the genomic characteristics of EBV-associated LELC. Overall, EBV-associated LELCs were characterized by a low somatic mutation rate and copy number variations; the enriched genetic lesions affected RTK-RAS, PI3K, and cell cycle pathways. Moreover, EBV-associated LELCs from different organs were more similar to each other genetically as compared with other traditional carcinomas of the same sites-as evidenced by unsupervised clustering based on the quantitative data from both mutation signature and chromosomal aneuploidies. Notably, EBV-associated LELC patients with oncogenic driver alterations showed a worse prognosis compared with patients without such alterations. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

[Clinicopathological features and prognostic analysis of esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of a rare histological type of esophageal cancer-sarcomatoid carcinoma. METHODS: Clinicopathological data of 31 patients with esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma who underwent surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital from Jan 2000 to Dec 2009 were collected and analyzed. The survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: All the patients underwent surgery. Of the 31 patients, one received preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy, and 8 received postoperative chemotherapy. All the tumors were located in the middle or lower esophagus. Microscopically, the tumors were composed of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components, and there was a transition between the two components, but no obvious heterogenous elements such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma or rhabdomyosarcoma were found. In the carcinomatous components, positive expression of CK and EMA was found in all the 31 cases, and positive expression of vimentin in 5 of the 31 cases. In the sarcomatous components, positive expression of CK, EMA and vimentin was found in 29, 28 and 23 cases, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 80.6%, 55.9% and 33.4%, respectively, and the median survival time was 40 months. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal sarcomatoid carcinoma is a particular type of esophageal malignancy with unique clinicopathological features. The diversity and complexity of the carcinomatous and sarcomatous components and their potential of transformation and differentiation lead to different prognosis from each other.

[Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma of stage Ib and IIa].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prognostic factors in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma of stage Ib and IIa treated by surgery, and to investigate their guide roles in available post-operation adjuvant therapy. METHODS: The clinicopathologic records of 306 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma of stage Ib and IIa who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were retrospectively analyzed, and the prognostic factors were explored by univariate and multivariate methods. Independent prognostic factors were identified by COX proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate of these 306 patients was 78.1%. In univariate survival analysis, the poor prognostic factors included poor differentiation, positive pelvic lymph nodes, deep stromal invasion, parametrial extension, tumor size > or = 4 cm, and lymph vascular space involvement (P < 0.05). While in multivariate survival analysis, the independent prognostic factors included positive pelvic lymph nodes, deep stromal invasion and parametrial extension (P < 0.05). According to the risk factors, all patients were divided into low, intermediate and high risk groups with 5-year survival rate of 90.3%, 83.9% and 43.1%, respectively. In low risk group, no risk factor or only parametrial extension was involved, pelvic recurrence rate was only 2.2%. In intermediate risk group, deep stromal invasion or together with parametrial extension was involved. Pelvic recurrence rate and extra pelvic metastasis rate were 13.5% and 1.3%, respectively. In high risk group, lymph node metastasis or together with other high risk factors was involved, pelvic recurrence rate and extra pelvic metastasis rate were 25.9% and 48.3%, respectively, and 10.3% had both pelvic recurrence and extra pelvic metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node metastasis, deep stromal invasion and parametrial extension were independent prognostic factors of stage Ib and IIa cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. The establishment of prognosis-predicting system based on high risk factors may be helpful to predict the risk of recurrence and metastasis, and guide adjuvant therapy after surgery.

[Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of gastrointestinal, urinary and perineal stromal tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To study the histogenesis and pathological characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and GIST type stromal tumor (ST) beyond the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma and neurilemoma (46 cases in gastrointestinal tract and l3 cases in urinary tract and perineal area). 4 antibodies (CD117, CD34, SMA, S-100) were used for immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Among 45 cases of GIST, the positive rate of CD117 and CD34 was 93.3% and 88.9% respectively. Among 12 cases of GIST type ST beyond the gastrointestinal tract, the positive rate of CD117 and CD34 was 83.3% and 75.0% respectively. In 2 cases (1 in gastrointestinal tract) of leiomyomas, both CD117 and CD 34 were negative in tumor cells, while SMA was extensively positive. CONCLUSIONS: CD117 and CD34 positivity are the most valuable factors in diagnosing ST. Both GIST and GIST type ST beyond the gastrointestinal tract are considered originating from a proto-interstitial stem cell with disoriented differentiation.