Analysis of adverse reactions risk signal of Xinyuan Capsules based on national ADR monitoring spontaneous reporting system / 中国中药杂志

In recent years, the safety problems and events of traditional Chinese medicine represented by liver injury have occurred frequently. In particular, Polygonum multiflorum has been widely used and considered as a "non-toxic" tonic traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. However, in recent years, frequent reports of liver injury events have attracted widespread attention at home and abroad, which has made unfavorable impacts on traditional Chinese medicine and its international development. Some scho-lars have found that susceptible genes of P. multiflorum on liver injury lay a scientific foundation for formulating rational comprehensive prevention and control measures for liver injury risk of P. multiflorum and its relevant preparations. But what are the risk signals of adverse reactions of P. multiflorum in clinical application? Spontaneous reporting system is an important way to monitor and find adverse drug reaction(ADR) signals after the drug is launched in the market. It can find the ADR signals in time and effectively, and then effectively prevent and avoid the occurrence of adverse drug events. At present, the data mining technique has gradually become the main method of ADR/adverse event(AE) report analysis and evaluation at home and abroad. Specifically, Bayesian confidence propagation neural network in Bayesian method is a commonly used risk signal early warning analysis method. In this paper, BCPNN method was used to excavate the risk signals of adverse reactions of Xinyuan Capsules, a traditional Chinese medicine preparation containing P. multiflorum, such as nausea, diarrhea, rash, dizziness, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, liver cell damage, so as to provide evidence-based evidence for clinical safe and rational use of drugs.

Predictive role of monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with Klebsiella pneumonia infection: A single-center experience.

The aim of the study is to explore whether monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) provides predictive value of the severity in patients with Klebsiella pneumonia infection (KPI).Patients in a tertiary medical center with Klebsiella pneumonia infection from 2014 to 2017 were recruited in this study. Patients with Klebsiella pneumonia infection were stratified into two groups based on the National Early Warning Score (NEWS). MLR was calculated by dividing monocytes count by lymphocytes count obtained from routine blood examination. The area under the curve (AUC) values was determined using the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The correlation between the variables was tested with Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between MLR and the severity of Klebsiella pneumonia infection.One hundred fifty-two patients were finally enrolled for analysis. Among those, 43 (28.29%) cases had severe KPI. MLR was found to be an independent risk factor of the serious Klebsiella pneumonia infection (OR: 23.74, 95% CI: 5.41-104.11, P < .001). Besides, MLR was positively correlated with NEWS score (r = 0.57, P < .001). In the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, MLR, with an optimal cut-off value of 0.665, predicted the severe coronary lesion with a sensitivity of 79.4% and specificity of 84.4%.MLR was an independent predictor of the severe Klebsiella pneumonia infection. Compared with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), MLR has a better performance to evaluate the severity of Klebsiella pneumonia infection.

Ammonium nitrogen content is a dominant predictor of bacterial community composition in an acidic forest soil with exogenous nitrogen enrichment.

Soil pH is a dominant factor affecting bacterial community composition in acidic, neutral, and alkaline soils but not in severely acidic soils (pH<4.5). We conducted a nitrogen (N) addition experiment in the field in severely acidic forest soil to determine the response of the soil bacterial community and identified the dominant factor in determining community composition. Using a high-throughput Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform, we found that high levels of N addition significantly decreased soil bacterial diversity and altered the composition of the soil bacterial community. The addition of nitrogen increased the relative abundance of copiotrophic taxa (Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla) but decreased the relative abundance of oligotrophic taxa (Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, and WD272). In particular, the relative abundance of N-cycling-related microbes (e.g., Burkholderia and Rhizomicrobium genera) also increased upon addition of N. Our correlation analysis showed that soil ammonium nitrogen concentration, rather than pH or nitrate nitrogen concentration, was a key environmental parameter determining the composition of the soil bacterial community. However, these bacterial response behaviors were observed only in the dry season and not in the wet season, indicating that high temperature and precipitation in the wet season may alleviate the impact of the addition of N on soil bacterial diversity and community composition. These results suggest that the soil bacterial community shifted to copiotrophic taxa with higher N demands under increased N addition in severely acidic forest soil.

Interleukin-10-Overexpressing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Induce a Series of Regulatory Effects in the Inflammatory System and Promote the Survival of Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice Model.

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening inflammatory conditions with no effective pharmacological treatment. Previous studies suggested that mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) infusion resulted in better survival in mouse ALI models and presented low toxicity in human subjects. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the possibility of treating a murine model of ALI using MSCs with constant interleukin-10 overexpression (IL-10-MSC) by retroviral infection. ALI in mice was induced by intratracheal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) instillation. After 96 h, 80% of mice receiving IL-10-MSCs survived, whereas the survival rate of the mice receiving other treatments was only 20-50%. Mice receiving IL-10-MSCs also demonstrated significantly less weight loss (p < 0.01), and lower protein level and TNF concentration in the BAL (p < 0.01). Interestingly, IL-10-MSCs given to mice 3 and 1 day before ALI induction still conferred significant protection against ALI. While direct IL-10 transfusion resulted in an intensive, but transient peak in serum IL-10 level, IL-10-MSCs provided a milder, but more persistent increase in serum IL-10 level, together with significantly higher levels of IL-10-producing T cells and B cells, both in the spleen and in the lung. IL-10-MSCs given 3 days before LPS challenge resulted in higher pulmonary infiltration of IL-10-producing T cells and B cells in mice. On average, mice that survived the LPS challenge for 96 h presented higher pulmonary infiltration of IL-10-producing T cells and B cells than mice that deceased within the experimental period. Together, these results demonstrated that IL-10-MSCs offered superior protection against LPS-induced ALI when given before or at the time of ALI induction, and significantly increased the frequencies of IL-10-expressing T cells and B cells. IL-10-MSCs may thus represent a promising new treatment option in ALI/ARDS.