RESUMO
1. Understanding the regulation of calcium (Ca2+), the most common of the mineral ions within the human body, has always been of extreme interest to physiologists. While the importance of Ca2+ in contributing to physiological events through regulation of levels has been significantly established, seldom is consideration given to the intricacies of this ion and its mechanics in producing such diverse physiological responses in different regions of the cell. 2. The present review will summarize new methodologies used in our laboratories for the study of two major intracellular organelles, mitochondria and the nucleus. These techniques are based predominantly on the use of molecular biological approaches to both create and then target protein-based sensor molecules to specific intracellular locations. 3. The regulation of Ca2+ in the mitochondria and nucleus is of particular interest to us because of the central involvement of these organelles in: (i) cardiac cell responses during ischaemia/reperfusion; and (ii) the control of gene expression, respectively.
Assuntos
Técnicas Biossensoriais , Cálcio/fisiologia , Núcleo Celular/fisiologia , Mitocôndrias/fisiologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Sinalização do Cálcio/fisiologia , Humanos , Proteínas Luminescentes/genética , Proteínas Luminescentes/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , TransfecçãoRESUMO
Exenteration for Stage IV cancer of the vulva is feasible and desirable, with expected 5-year survival rates of 34-57%. A team of gynecologic oncologists operating simultaneously has the cohesion to reduce operating time, surgical fatigue, and perhaps morbidity and mortality. Data indicate that ultraradical surgery in the 71-year and over age group is nonproductive of salvage and should be individualized critically. Patient selection, attention to detail, and use of the proper surgical procedure are all important in improving results.
