[A case report of transient myopia following blunt trauma]. / Myopie transitoire post-traumatique ? À propos d'un cas.

We present a case report on a young man complaining of transient myopia following a blunt trauma. Clinical and paraclinical (ultrasound) follow-up allowed us to discuss the different physiopathological mechanisms involved. We observed anterior lens displacement, increased lens thickness probably due to lens edema, choroidal detachment, and ciliary body edema. Progression was positive with full regression of the myopia. Ultrasound analysis also underlined an iridocorneal angle closure that could have led to angle-closure glaucoma (preventive peripheric iridotomy was discussed). The spontaneous progression showed spontaneous angle reopening on the main meridians.

[Central serous chorioretinopathy and systemic steroid therapy]. / Choriorétinite séreuse centrale et corticothérapie systémique. A propos de 14 cas.

BACKGROUND: The manifestations of the ocular toxicity of systemic corticosteroids include posterior subcapsular cataracts and glaucoma. We describe 14 cases of serous detachment of the macula due to central serous chorioretinopathy in patients given long-term steroid therapy, which may be another potential ocular side effect of corticosteroid. CASES REPORT: The 14 (9 men and 5 women) patients were aged from 39 to 55 year old. Their systemic diseases were allergic thrombopenic purpura, optic neuritis, kidney or heart transplant, Churg and Strauss vasculitis, facial palsy, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus and a kidney tumor. None of the patients had hypertension. RESULTS: Serous detachment occurred between 6 days and 10 years after the start of steroid treatment. The higher the doses, the earlier the onset of ocular disease. All patients were symptomatic, with rapid onset of blurred vision. Serous detachment was bilateral in two cases. The fluorescein angiographic finding was in most cases a single small focal hyperfluorescent leak from the retinal pigment epithelium which appeared early in the angiogram and increased in size and intensity. No diffuse degradation of the retinal pigment epithelium was seen on the fluorescein angiogram. Five patients underwent laser photocoagulation of the leaking area followed by resorption of subretinal fluid. In other patients, the symptoms disappeared as the doses of steroid were reduced. CONCLUSION: The pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy remains unclear and is controversial. Corticosteroids are known to worsen the prognosis of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy, and serous detachment has been reported after renal transplantation. In most of these cases, chorioretinopathy was combined with diffuse leakage from the choriocapillaris. We discuss the relationship between steroid therapy and focal leakage as seen in idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy. In conclusion, we describe 14 cases of central serous retinopathy whose clinical and fluorescein angiography were fairly typical, without obvious diffuse degradation of the retinal pigment epithelium. All these patients had been given long-term steroid therapy for various diseases.

[Hypermetropia]. / L'hypermétropie.

Hypermetropia, like myopia, is a defect of axial refraction, most often due to reduction of the anteroposterior diameter of the eyeball. Hypermetropia is normal in the young child and usually diminishes with age. Moderate hypermetropia is generally well tolerated in young subjects. When severe or associated with functional changes, hypermetropia should be corrected by prescription lenses. Contrary to myopia, definitive treatment by surgery is not yet current practice in hypermetropia.

[Systematic detection of anti-HIV antibodies in donors before keratoplasty: justification and practical modalities]. / Dépistage systématique des anticorps anti-HIV chez le donneur avant kératoplastie: justification et modalités pratiques.

We recall the medical obligation to perform an HIV serology on corneal donors before keratoplasty. The ways to take samples of blood from a deceased person and the techniques which detect HIV antibodies are discussed. We emphasize on the contribution of preservation mediums in order to complete the investigations on the etiology of the death in non urgent keratoplasty. We also insist on the contribution of ELISA techniques to rapidly obtain the HIV serology in non urgent corneal grafts. The real risks of transmitting HIV virus during keratoplasty are discussed.