RESUMO
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy can detect metabolic changes in the brain, including changes in N-acetyl aspartate, a metabolite generally believed to be a marker of neuronal integrity. The correlations between metabolic changes and cognitive status in normal subjects and in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders are reviewed. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy seems to be a way to monitor the efficacy of existing and new treatments to prevent the development of cognitive deficits in a number of diseases.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Ácido Aspártico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Aspártico/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Transtornos Cognitivos/metabolismo , HumanosAssuntos
Arteriopatias Oclusivas/etiologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/etiologia , Lesões das Artérias Carótidas/etiologia , Artéria Carótida Interna/patologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Lesões do Pescoço/complicações , Ferimentos não Penetrantes/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/patologia , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/patologia , Lesões das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Lesões das Artérias Carótidas/patologia , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , RadiografiaRESUMO
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele epsilon 4 is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and has also been associated with impaired recovery from brain injury. Previous studies on APOE epsilon 4 in dementing disorders other than AD have been rather conflicting, in particular concerning frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and vascular dementia (VD). In the present study we determined APOE genotype in an autopsy series of demented subjects and non-demented controls from the Netherlands Brain Bank. We attempted to create as clear-cut diagnostic groups as possible and paid close attention to AD-type histopathological changes in all cases. In comparison with the APOE epsilon 4 allele frequency in controls (0.12; n=163 subjects), the APOE epsilon 4 allele frequency was significantly increased in AD (0.42; n=320, p<0.0001), as well as in AD with Lewy bodies (0.43; n=41, p<0.0001) and in demented subjects with no other neuropathological findings than AD-histopathology insufficient for a diagnosis of AD (0.29; n=41, p<0.001). However, the APOE epsilon 4 allele frequency was not significantly increased in FTD (0.18; n=49), VD (0.10; n=20) or in Lewy body disease without concomitant AD changes (0.13; n=12). As concerns dementing disorders, our results suggest that APOE epsilon 4 is selectively associated with the presence of AD-type histopathology.