The concept of rural community practice (RCP).

The need to devote more human resources to veterinary public practice to cope with escalating threats to biological security, public health, and economic prosperity, while also addressing societal value changes, has been widely recognized and supported. Most envisage increasing the numbers of veterinarians in government employment. Why not at least combine this initiative, wherever possible, with far greater involvement of rural practitioners to deliver contractual public-practice services and provide an enhanced community interface? This could make the difference between having a local practice in a community or none at all, as well as promising to be more cost effective. The concept of rural community practice (RCP) envisages combining traditional services provided in a "mixed-animal" veterinary practice with an expanded portfolio of public-practice and communication services that meet the emerging animal, public, and ecosystem health needs of the collective community, not just those of animal owners. These services could include those involving active sentinel surveillance programs for both domestic animal and wildlife diseases; on-farm food safety; bio-security; traceability and export certification and audit programs; disease investigation, including foreign animal diseases; surge capacity emergency response; managing for ecosystem health; and client and community education. An expanded practice team of animal-health professionals and technologists, led by veterinarians, would deliver these services. This RCP approach should have the potential to make rural practice more attractive from economic, lifestyle, and job-satisfaction perspectives; to enhance the visibility and recognition of the profession; and to respond to changing and new societal needs. It also promises to maintain a stable network of veterinary practices in rural communities. In addition, the recognition of veterinary medicine as a public good should provide for consideration of increased investment by levels of government. At the same time, this new model could help meet the demands of animal and public-health government agencies that face expanding responsibilities during a sustained climate of reduced budgetary resources.

Ecosystem approaches to human health

A promoçäo da saúde humana deve estar embutida na busca maior pela saúde do ecossistema. As intervençöes estaräo prejudicadas se os determinantes ecossistêmicos da saúde näo forem levados em conta. Em caso extremo, se os ecossistemas perderem a capacidade de se renovarem, a sociedade ficará privada de serviços essenciais à sustentaçäo da vida. As características essenciais da saúde ecossistêmica säo a capacidade de manter a integridade e a de atingir metas humanas razoáveis e sustentáveis. Uma abordagem ecossistêmica para a pesquisa e gestäo deve ser transdiciplinar e assegurar a participaçäo dos diferentes atores. Tais características fornecem um meio à ciência para lidar melhor com a complexidade dos ecossistemas, bem como aos políticos e gestores no sentido de definir e atingir metas societais razoáveis. A abordagem ecossistêmica é capaz de determinar elos entre a saúde humana e as atividades ou os eventos que pertubam o estado e a funçäo ecossistêmicos. A comprensäo desses elos pode orientar as intervençöes e as opçöes políticas que promovem a saúde humana. Uma perspectiva ecossistêmica na gestäo deve ser adaptável, devido à incerteza irredutível da funçäo ecossistêmica.