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1.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 51(4): 201-209, jul.-ago. 2016. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154013

RESUMO

Introducción. Las perspectivas demográficas pronostican un envejecimiento poblacional en todos los países desarrollados, y esto lleva consigo un incremento de la fragilidad en las personas mayores. Los profesionales de la gerontología necesitamos instrumentos para detectar la fragilidad de forma anticipada. Presentamos una prueba de valoración de la autonomía multidimensional compuesta por un cuestionario y un test. Material y método. Se ha diseñado una prueba de evaluación funcional cognitiva para mayores con un cuestionario de 40 preguntas (Autonómetro-Q) y un test de 26 tareas (Autonómetro-T) que se pueden utilizar conjuntamente o de forma independiente. Resultados. El Autonómetro-T obtuvo un α de Cronbach de 0,85 con 4 dimensiones y un coeficiente kappa del 0,40. El Autonómetro-Q es un cuestionario breve pentadimensional con un α de Cronbach del 0,94, un coeficiente kappa de 0,63 y valores de sensibilidad del 85% y especificidad del 87%, para valores predictivos de resultado positivo y negativo del 73 y del 94%, respectivamente, tomando como patrón de referencia el Autonómetro-T. Conclusiones. El autonómetro es un una herramienta útil para el cribado de fragilidad en personas mayores que mediante una prueba objetiva explora marcadores físicos relacionados con las actividades de la vida diaria (AU)


Introduction. The demographic forecast predicts an aging population in all developed countries, and this will lead to an increase of frailty in the elderly. Gerontology professionals need tools to detect frailty in advance. A test is presented for assessing multidimensional independence, consisting of a questionnaire and a test. Material and method. A test of cognitive functional assessment was designed for the elderly, consisting of a questionnaire of 40 questions (Autonometro-Q) and a test of 26 tasks (Autonometro-T) that can be used together or independently. Results. Autonometro-T test obtained a Cronbach α of 0.85 with four dimensions, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.40. Autonometro-Q is a five-dimensional short questionnaire with a Cronbach α of 0.94, a Kappa coefficient of 0.63 and has a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 87%, with positive and negative predictive values of 73% and 94%, respectively, using Autonometro-T as the reference standard. Conclusions. Autonometro is a useful tool for frailty screening in the elderly, which examines the physical markers related to daily living activities, using an objective test (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Autonomia Pessoal , Saúde do Idoso , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Dissonância Cognitiva , Atividades Cotidianas/classificação , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Perfil de Impacto da Doença
2.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 51(4): 201-9, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26639562

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The demographic forecast predicts an aging population in all developed countries, and this will lead to an increase of frailty in the elderly. Gerontology professionals need tools to detect frailty in advance. A test is presented for assessing multidimensional independence, consisting of a questionnaire and a test. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A test of cognitive functional assessment was designed for the elderly, consisting of a questionnaire of 40 questions (Autonometro-Q) and a test of 26 tasks (Autonometro-T) that can be used together or independently. RESULTS: Autonometro-T test obtained a Cronbach α of 0.85 with four dimensions, and a Kappa coefficient of 0.40. Autonometro-Q is a five-dimensional short questionnaire with a Cronbach α of 0.94, a Kappa coefficient of 0.63 and has a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 87%, with positive and negative predictive values of 73% and 94%, respectively, using Autonometro-T as the reference standard. CONCLUSIONS: Autonometro is a useful tool for frailty screening in the elderly, which examines the physical markers related to daily living activities, using an objective test.


Assuntos
Idoso Fragilizado , Avaliação Geriátrica , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Geriatria , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Rev. chil. neuropsicol. (En línea) ; 4(1): 44-51, jul. 2009. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-526843

RESUMO

Introducción. La ansiedad y la depresión son trastornos psiquiátricos vinculados a la Esclerosis Múltiple (EM). Sin embargo, la ansiedad no ha sido prácticamente estudiada. Objetivos. Examinar la asociación de ambos trastornos con el deterioro neuropsicológico y su contribución a la autopercepción de deterioro cognitivo. Sujetos y métodos. Se estudiaron 33 pacientes con EM Remitente-Recidivante y niveles de discapacidad mínima-leve. Instrumentos: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire; Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests. El examen neuropsicológico se aplicó a 67 controles. Resultados. La ansiedad y la depresión no están relacionadas con el deterioro neuropsicológico. La gravedad de la sintomatología ansiosa está especialmente asociada a una menor duración de la EM. Ansiedad y depresión están altamente correlacionadas y ambas predicen la percepción subjetiva de deterioro. La capacidad predictiva del HADS-total sobre la percepción subjetiva de deterioro fue similar a la obtenida por las subescalas de ansiedad y depresión por separado. Conclusiones. La autopercepción de deterioro cognitivo en la EMRR con discapacidad mínima podría estar relacionada con un factor de malestar psicológico general compartido por la ansiedad y la depresión. Nuestros resultados resaltan la importancia de detectar y tratar la sintomatología ansiosa en fases iniciales de la EM.


Introduction. Anxiety and depression are common psychiatric symptoms among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, anxiety is relatively under-studied. Aims. To examine the associations of anxiety and depression with cognitive functioning and to evaluate their contribution to subjective cognitive impairment, after accounting for neuropsychological impairment. Subjects and methods. 33 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and minimal levels of disability were evaluated. Assessment measures: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire-self report (MSNQ-S); Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB). We also assessed a group of 67 controls with the BRB. Results. Neuropsychological impairment was not significantly correlated to anxiety or depression. Increased severity of anxiety symptoms was remarkably related with low disease duration. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that anxiety and depression predicted MSNQ-S. Anxiety and depression were highly correlated. HADS total score predicted a similar amount of variance to subjective cognitive impairment, compared with independent anxiety and depression measures. Conclusions. In RR MS patients with minimal levels of neurological disability, cognitive complaints could be related with a component of general psychological distress common to anxiety and depression. Despite this overlap, our study highlights the importance of assessing and treating anxiety symptoms in the first years since onset.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/fisiopatologia , Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente/psicologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Autoimagem , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Psicothema ; 20(4): 583-8, 2008 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18940054

RESUMO

Our aim was to study cognitive performance in the early phase of MS. In addition, we studied whether depression, demographic and clinical variables differentiate cognitively impaired patients from non-impaired patients. A group of 52 MS-RR patients with mild level of neurological disability and 51 healthy controls were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. The MS group performed significantly worse on several measures of attention and processing speed and visuoperceptive/visuoconstructive tasks. Verbal memory is characterized by working memory deficits, whereas the visual memory impairment is attributable to deficits in acquisition and consolidation/recuperation. Results shows that cognitive impairment is evident even in MS patients in the early course of their disease. Depression scores were higher in cognitively impaired patients as compared with unimpaired patients. The effect of educational level suggests that higher education delays the onset of cognitive decline.


Assuntos
Afeto , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico , Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Adulto , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
5.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 20(4): 583-588, 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68810

RESUMO

El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar la afectación cognitiva de pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM) en estadios iniciales de la enfermedad y estudiar si el estado de ánimo y las variables demográficas y clínicas diferencian a los pacientes con alteraciones cognitivas de los pacientes preservados. Participaron 52 pacientes con EM remitente-recurrente y leve disfunción neurológica y un grupo control de 51 sujetos. Se aplicó una amplia batería neuropsicológica. Los pacientes presentaron un rendimiento inferior en diversas tareas atencionales y de velocidad de procesamiento, así como en tareas visoperceptivas y visoconstructivas. Las alteraciones en memoria verbal se producen en memoria de trabajo, mientras que en memoria espacial está afectada la adquisición y la reproducción demorada. Estos resultados demuestran que la afectación cognitiva en la EM está presente incluso en fases iniciales. Los pacientes con alteraciones cognitivas presentan mayores niveles de depresión. Además, los resultados sugieren que un mayor nivel educativo podría retrasar el comienzo del declive cognitivo


Our aim was to study cognitive performance in the early phase of MS. In addition, we studied whether depression, demographic and clinical variables differentiate cognitively impaired patients from non-impaired patients. A group of 52 MS-RR patients with mild level of neurological disability and 51 healthy controls were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. The MS group performed significantly worse on several measures of attention and processing speed and visuoperceptive/visuoconstructive tasks. Verbal memory is characterized by working memory deficits, whereas the visual memory impairment is attributable to deficits in acquisition and consolidation/recuperation. Results shows that cognitive impairment is evident even in MS patients in the early course of their disease. Depression scores were higher in cognitively impaired patients as compared with unimpaired patients. The effect of educational level suggests that higher education delays the onset of cognitive decline


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Esclerose Múltipla/psicologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Afeto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia
6.
An. psicol ; 20(2): 205-221, dic. 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-36457

RESUMO

Aunque el cerebelo ha sido relacionado siempre con el control y la coordinación del movimiento, en las últimas dos décadas se ha acumulado un número importante de datos que sugieren su participación en los procesos cognitivos superiores. Estas evidencias proceden de estudios anatómicos, estudios de neuroimagen funcional y estudios sobre los efectos de las lesiones cerebelosas. En este trabajo revisamos los datos más relevantes sobre la función cognitiva del cerebelo (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cerebelo/fisiologia , Cognição/fisiologia , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Doenças Cerebelares/fisiopatologia
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