Survival of biocontrol Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 in lysimeter effluent water depends on time of the year and soil type.

AIMS: To assess the effects of soil type and time of the year on survival of the biocontrol inoculant Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 under aerobic conditions in lysimeter effluent water. METHODS AND RESULTS: Effluent water was collected at different times from large outdoor lysimeters (2.5 m deep), which contained a well-drained or a poorly-drained cambisol, and inoculated with CHA0. The inoculant was monitored for 175 d by colony counts, total immunofluorescence cell counts and Kogure's viable cell counts. Cell numbers obtained with the three methods were similar. The inoculant declined exponentially in time and its population level varied considerably depending on the time of the year at which effluent water had been collected and soil type in the lysimeter. Positive correlations were found between the number of resident culturable aerobic bacteria and subsequent survival of the inoculant. CONCLUSION: The fluctuations of inoculant survival patterns correlated with differences in biological properties of lysimeter water that were related to soil type and time of the year. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Results suggest that predictability of the survival of bacterial soil inoculants transported to groundwater level by heavy rainfall may be improved by taking into account key biological properties of the water.

[Esthetic breast surgery]. / Asthetische Mammachirurgie.

A well developed breast is an important feature of femininity and for self-confidence. Augmentation mammaplasty is done by using alloplastic-implants. The silicon problem is briefly discussed. Evaluation, principal surgical techniques, possible complications are described.

Ultrastructural features of human Reissner's membrane.

Ultrastructural features of human Reissner's membrane were investigated in two groups of similarly aged patients. Five patients had age-related normal hearing (ARNH) and four patients had acquired sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) from causes other than age. The membrane consisted of a mesothelium facing the perilymph and an epithelium facing the endolymph. The two cell layers were separated by a basement membrane. The mesothelium was formed by wide spread thin cells with a smooth surface. The epithelial cells assumed two different shapes, flat and rounded. Both epithelial cell types were covered with many short microvilli. In all specimens, the rounded cells were arranged in bands, strands, whorls and clusters. The size of bands and whorls was larger in the lower half of the basal turn and decreased gradually towards the apex. Bands and whorls were both larger in specimens from patients with SNHL than in those with ARNH and expanded up to the middle turn. In patients with SNHL, some flat cells had relatively few long microvilli. The epithelium showed more pronounced cellular changes in patients with SNHL than in those with ARNH and these alterations are discussed in relation to sensorineural degeneration.

[Plastic correction of thoracic wall burns with reference to the female breast]. / Plastische Korrektur der Thoraxwandverbrennung unter Berücksichtigung der weiblichen Brust.

Neck and shoulder contractures, large scars of the thoracic wall and breast defects require plastic surgery. If possible, local flaps are the best solution for contractures, eventually enlarged by skin expanders. Full thickness skin grafts, Z-plasties and simple excisions with primary wound closure are alternative methods. For breast reconstruction early skin grafts or secondary local flaps are used. Myocutaneous flaps from the latissimus dorsi or rectus abdominis are seldom indicated.

[Plastic surgery reconstruction following irradiation]. / Plastisch-chirurgische Rekonstruktion nach Bestrahlung.

Radiation damage after combined tumor therapy may involve skin, subcutaneous tissue, nerves, bones and viscera. Ulceration and subsequent infection can result in life-threatening conditions. Early reconstructive procedures restore function, prevent further damage and alleviate pain. Plastic surgery has developed special fasciocutaneous and musculocutaneous flaps for each region.

[Surgical therapeutic possibilities in extensive chest wall and rib metastases]. / Chirurgische Therapiemöglichkeit bei ausgedehnter Thoraxwand- und Rippenmetastasierung.

87 extensive tumors of the chest wall were resected in an 8 year period. The defects including subtotal sternectomies and segment resections up to 7 ribs were reconstructed with musculocutaneous flaps without any osteoplasty or implants. The latissimus dorsi flap closes pleural defects safely. The innervated muscle stabilizes the chest wall. The rectus abdominis flap fits defects of greater volume but the blood supply is less reliable. The use of pectoralis major or free microsurgical tissue transfer may be indicated in absence of any other possibility.

[Radical thyroidectomy for malignant thyroid tumour: prognosis and complications (author's transl)]. / Radikale Thyreoidektomie wegen valigner Schilddrüsentumoren. Erfolgsaussichten und Komplikationen

270 patients were operated on for malignant thyroid tumour between 1955 and 1974. Before 1967, less radical methods of operation had been preferred, but since 1968, radical thyroidectomy - if necessary supplemented by selective or radical neck dissection - has become the procedure of choice if a curative operation was still feasible. This has brought about a significant fall in the incidence of recurrences and increased the survival rate in patients with well-differentiated carcinoma. The proportion of postoperative complications has been within reasonable bounds. The incidence of postoperative recurrent-nerve paralysis, at 9.4%, has not been raised by radical procedures, while the proportion of permanent tetany (11%) after radical thyroidectomy is much higher than after sub-total resection (2%). But the advantages of radical thyroidectomy outweigh the increased incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism.