[Relationship of kidney functions with geriatric syndromes in elderly and old women.]

Against the background of aging, there is an increase in the number of diseases associated with age, geriatric syndromes that contribute to the development of disorders of physical and functional activity, the risk of disability and mortality increases. One of the widespread diseases is chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is dangerous not only in itself, but also as a factor in the progression of other age-associated diseases and geriatric syndromes, including frailty and sarcopenia. Among patients of older age groups, CKD is more common in women than in men. A number of researchers are studying the problems of polymorbidity, the development and progression of geriatric syndromes in patients with CKD in the pre-dialysis and dialysis stages. Undoubtedly, the negative role of severe late stages of CKD in the development of senile asthenia and sarcopenia, at the same time, the relationship of these geriatric syndromes with early pre-dialysis stages of CKD has been insufficiently studied. Therefore, it is of undoubted scientific interest to identify correlations between signs of sarcopenia and frailty in elderly and senile women, depending on renal function, stage of CKD.

Chronic hyponatremia in the elderly: association with geriatric syndromes (review of literature).

Hyponatremia is more common in the elderly. A number of studies suggest that even mild chronic hyponatremia is a serious danger, increasing the risks of developing geriatric syndromes, falls, low bone density, fractures, cognitive impairment, and death of all causes. Although the mechanism for the development of such complications is currently not completely clear. Questions remain about the need and methods for correcting this condition, although there is some evidence that the correction of hyponatremia improves cognitive functions, postural balance, minimizing the risk of falls and fractures. These issues are addressed in this review of the literature.

[Specificity of estimation and prognostic value of glomerular filtration rate in older age groups with cardiovascular pathology.]

The demographic situation in recent decades has been characterized by a progressive increase in the proportion of older age groups in both developed countries and the Russian Federation. The main contribution to morbidity and mortality of people over 60 years of age is made by diseases of the circulatory system. Early development and progression of cardiovascular diseases contributes to kidney dysfunction, often developing against the background of morphological changes occurring with age in the kidneys, called "senile kidney". Reduction of glomerular filtration rate in elderly patients is not mandatory and in most cases occurs as a result of an existing pathological process. The combined effect of changes in GFR and cardiovascular disease on the prognosis of older patients remains poorly understood, which determines the relevance of the study of chronic kidney disease in geriatric patients.

[Calcium and vitamin K: effects on bone tissue and vascular remodeling (literature review).]

Calcium preparations are included in the treatment and prevention regimens for low bone mineral density. However, recent scientific studies have shown that additional calcium intake can increase the risk of heart disease, which is associated with the deposition of calcium in the endothelium of blood vessels. The significance of vascular wall mineralization is not limited to local accumulation of calcium deposits, but is largely determined by their activating effect on the progression of atherosclerosis. Vitamin K plays an important role in calcium homeostasis, reduces arterial calcification and arterial stiffness and, as a result, has a protective effect when taking calcium. This literature review provides current information about the calcium paradox, discusses the main molecular mechanisms of vascular calcification, and considers therapeutic strategies for vitamin К2 treatment.

[Parameters of clobal longitudinal myocardial deformation and coronary bloodflow in patients with primary hypothyroidism].

AIMS: Assessment of global longitudinal strain of left ventricle and coronary bloodflow in patients with primary subclinical hypothyroidism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 23 women with primary subclinical hypothyroidism of age from 55 to 75 years. Physical examination, transthoracic EchoCG, coronary bloodflow assessment and global LV longitudinal strain by speckle tracking method were performed to all patients. The data obtained were compared to the results of 20 women without any thyroid diseases comparable to the main group by age and concomitant diseases. RESULTS: Patients with primary subclinical hypothyroidism have signs of diastolic dysfunction significantly more frequently than in control group, and increased values of posterior left ventricle wall and interventricular septum thickness. Global longitudinal strain of left ventricle in patients with hypothyroidism was lower than in control group and patients with hypothyroidism had higher FVI values in perforant coronary arteries. CONCLUSION: Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism demonstrated decrease of global longitudinal strain and increase of volume bloddflow rate in performant coronary arteries.

[Gerontology and geriatry in the Samara region: past, present, future.]

he article presents the stages of the formation of gerontology and geriatrics in the Samara region, the review of scientific research, the teaching and methodical work at the department of geriatrics and age-related endocrinology. Prospective directions of fundamental, clinical and social gerontology are marked. The stages of the implementation of the pilot project «Care territory¼ 2017-2019 years in the Samara region are reflected.

[The impact of lipid metabolism on the rate of aging of patients with arterial hypertension.]

Now atherosclerosis is even more often positioned as the natural hereditary determined process determining the rate of aging of an organism and life expectancy. Research objective: to study correlation interrelations between indicators of a lipidic profile and rate of aging of men with an arterial hypertension. We have conducted a one-stage research of 123 male patients (middle age 52,4±0,60 years). The main group (I) was made by patients with the arterial hypertension (AH) of the II stage of high risk. The control (II) group was made by 60 patients without kliniko-tool symptoms of cardiovascular pathology. The research of a lipid profile was conducted on the biochemical autoanalyzer «Humastar 600¼ (Human GMBH, Germany) with studying of the general cholesterol (OHS), lipoproteid of the low density (LDL), lipoproteid of the high density (LPVP), triglycerides (TG), calculation of the aterogennost coefficient (AC) was also carried out. Rate of aging decided on the basis of integrated assessment of the biological age (BA) on use of a technique of the Kiev Scientific Research Institute Gerontology. Patients with AG have a direct correlation dependence of moderate force between biological age and lipid exchange traces with OHS indicators (r=0,364, p=0,003), LDL (r=0,359, p=0,004), TG (r=0,324, p=0,010) and KA (r=0,488, p<0,001). The return correlation communication is noted with LPVP (-0,446, р<0,001). Patients have groups of control the direct correlation dependence of moderate force of BV and lipidic range is noted also for atherogenous fractions of lipoproteid and KA, feedback - for LPVP (-0,623, р<0,001). On the basis of the carried-out mathematical modeling formulas for determination of biological age of the considered groups of patients taking into account indicators of a lipidic profile have been made. The correlation analysis which is carried out by us reflects a dislipidemiya contribution to development of the accelerated aging of an organism, and the executed mathematical modeling allows to carry out diagnostics of the accelerated aging of patients by means of indicators of lipid exchange.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of compression hosiery «Mediven Plus¼ in the treatment of elderly patients with chronic venous diseases of the lower extremities].

This publication presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the justification of the use of compression hosiery «Mediven Plus¼ among patients in the older age group on the basis of demographic, anthropometric data (gender, age, weight of the patient; the volume of the lower leg, upper thigh), clinical examination, data of instrumental examination (duplex ultrasound, volumetry, legometry), data of laboratory tests (fibrinogen, soluble fibrin-monomer complexes). The effectiveness of therapeutic effects of compression underwear is proved for all parameters.

[The treatment of elderly and senile patients with venous trophic ulcers and type 2 diabetes mellitus.]

The effectiveness of the inclusion of sulodexide in the pharmacotherapy of complex treatment of patients (n=52) elderly and senile with a combination of chronic diseases of the veins complicated by refractory trophic ulcers of the lower extremities, and type 2 diabetes mellitus was studied. Patients were randomly randomized in the 1st (n=26) and the 2nd (n=26) groups, the statistical differences between them in age (t1-2=0,2, p1-2=0,833), sex (χ21-2=0,008, p1-2=0,991), nosology (χ21-2=0,004, р1-2=0,993); the anamnesis of chronic diseases of veins (t1-2=0,14, p1-2=0,893); duration of trophic ulcers (t1-2=0,21, p1-2=0,827); planimetric parameters of trophic ulcers (t1-2=0,18, p1-2=0,865) were not recorded. Patients of the 1st group received treatment with sulodexide according to the standard schedule for 50 days. The primary outcome of the study is the complete closure of the trophic ulcer after 1 month. Secondary outcomes are epithelization after 2 months and dynamic planimetric indices within 12 months. The effectiveness of the use of sulodexide was assessed according to the VCSS scale, dynamic changes in the malleolar volume and changes in planimetric parameters. A statistically significant improvement in the overall VSCC score was observed in both the 1st (p=0,002) and the 2nd (p=0,0016) groups in all study outcomes. At the same time, a statistically significant improvement in the VSCC scores was more pronounced in the 1st group (p<0,05). After 2 and 6 months, a statistically significant decrease in the malleolar volume of the affected lower extremity was recorded both in the 1st (t=4,17, p=0,001) and in the 2nd (t=2,4, p=0,37) groups. Clinically and statistically significant decrease in malleolar volume was more pronounced in the 1st group (p<0,05). After 30 days, trophic ulcers were closed in 9 (34,6%) cases in the 1st group and in 5 (19,2%) patients in the 2nd group (p<0,05). On day 60 epithelization was achieved in 22 (84,6%) and 12 (46,1%) patients, respectively. The time of complete epithelization in patients of the 1st and the 2nd groups was 51,2±1,6 and 78,4±2,6 days (p<0,05). The conclusion is made that sulodexide is an effective and pathogenetically grounded pharmacological preparation for the treatment of patients of elderly and senile age with chronic clinical disease C6 of clinical class and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Acoustic Radiation Force of a Quasi-Gaussian Beam on an Elastic Sphere in a Fluid.

Acoustic radiation force has many applications. One of the related technologies is the ability to noninvasively expel stones from the kidney. To optimize the procedure it is important to develop theoretical approaches that can provide rapid calculations of the radiation force depending in stone size and elastic properties, together with ultrasound beam diameter, intensity, and frequency. We hypothesize that the radiation force nonmonotonically depends on the ratio between the acoustic beam width and stone diameter because of coupling between the acoustic wave in the fluid and shear waves in the stone. Testing this hypothesis by considering a spherical stone and a quasi-Gaussian beam was performed in the current work. The calculation of the radiation force was conducted for elastic spheres of two types. Dependence of the magnitude of the radiation force on the beam diameter at various fixed values of stone diameters was modeled. In addition to using real material properties, speed of shear wave in the stone was varied to reveal the importance of shear waves in the stone. It was found that the radiation force reaches its maximum at the beamwidth comparable to the stone diameter; the gain in the force magnitude can reach 40% in comparison with the case of a narrow beam.

Mesenchymal stem cells from human dental pulp: isolation, characteristics, and potencies of targeted differentiation.

We studied cell cultures isolated from the pulp of third molar germ of an adult human and from the skin of a human fetus on gestation day 10. Both cultures expressed similar repertoire of surface markers typical of multipotent mesenchymal cells (CD44, CD90, and CD105). Under in vitro conditions, dental pulp cells were more susceptible to factors inducing their differentiation into adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineage cells.

[INFLUENCE OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. HERB POLYPHENOLS PREPARATION WITH MINERALS ON THE STATE OF PERIODONTAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE MATRIX OF RATS IN CONDITION OF PERIODONTITIS MODELING].

In experiments on 22 white 1.5-month-old rats-males there were studied influence of Hypericum perforatum L. and minerales from Dyovit® on periodont's tissues under periodontits modelling. Examined preparation normalizes level of glicosaminoglicanes in gum, but did not completely show protective effects relative to collagen's fraction. In periodont's bone preparation decreases resorbrtion; increases activity of AlP and in the same time normalizes activity of AcP.

[Genetic variability of juniper tall (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) in the northern and southern limits of the natural distribution].

Genetic structure, subdivision and differentiation of six populations of juniper tall (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) of the Crimean Mountains and of one population in Lebanon were investigated using 18 polymorphic allozyme loci as genetic markers. The high level of genetic variability of J. excelsa was established in the northern and the southern limits of its natural habitat. The mean values of the main indicators of genetic polymorphism were: P99 = 1,000, A = 3,167, H(E) = 0,370, H(o) = 0,405. Subdivision and differentiation of populations were low (F(ST) = 0,032, D(N) = 0,026) indicating similarity of their gene pools.

[Auditory approach and withdrawal aftereffects with low- and high-frequency free sources].

Short adaptation to sound source approach and withdrawal was carried out within five seconds in free field. Moving adapting and test stimuli were created by means of sequences of low- and high-frequency band noise pulses (0.05-1 kHz and 3-20 kHz) that were changed linearly in amplitude at contrarily directions with two unmoving dynamics. The auditory approach and withdrawal aftereffects were evaluated with the total indexes characterized the shifts of psychometric curves received in different listening conditions for group of eight subjects with normal hearing. Motion aftereffects were observed in case of the spectrum range coincidence for adapting and test stimuli. The effect was at adaptation to approaching and withdrawing high-frequency noise sources, but for low-frequency noise sources one was only at adaptation to approach. The radial motion aftereffects were not revealed in case of discrepancy between spectrum range of adapting and test stimuli. Thereby, the frequency tuning of auditory aftereffect was shown at adaptation to approaching and withdrawing sound stimuii.

[Structural and functional changes in senior age groups patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic genesis on the background of isometric muscular tensions tests].

The proposed test with the isometric muscle tension (carpal press) determines the functionality of the cardiovascular system in elderly and senile patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic genesis. Analysis of echocardiography performed on the background of the test with an isometric stress enables to determine the affiliation of patients at risk with rapidly progressive disease.

[Morphological changes in atria at sudden cardiac arrest in elderly patients with coronary heart disease].

The morphological changes of left atrium at sudden cardiac death in elderly and senile persons are given in this paper. The results testify that in persons of elderly and senile age with ischemic heart disease the developing changes in the heart muscle atrium create favorable conditions for occurrence of arrhythmias, fibrillations and sudden death, which should be taken into account at this pathology.

[Genetical control of the allozymes in juniper (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) of the Crimea].

Genetical control of nine enzyme systems has been studied in preserved juniper species (Juniperus excelsa Bieb.) of the natural population of the mountain Crimea. Isozymes were extracted from the haploid seed endosperms and separated elecrophoretically. As a result 16 loci have been identified. Fourteen of them were polymorphic (14--Gdh, Got-1, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, Mdh-3, Acp-1, Acp-2, Acp-3, Lap-1, Dia-1, Fdh, Sod-1, Sod-2, Sod-3). Analysis of the allele segragation of the heterozygous trees confirmed their monogenic inheritance.

[Lipid metabolism and functional status of the kidney in hypothyroid patients depending on the phase of disease]. / Lipidnyi obmen i funktsional'noe sostoianie pochek u bol'nykh gipotirozom v zavisimosti ot fazy zabolevaniia.

AIM: To evaluate renal function in correlation with lipid metabolism parameters in patients with primary hypothyroidism (HT) in compensation and decompensation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 45 HT patients' examination included study of blood creatinine, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoproteins, urinary microalbumin, thyroid hormones and thyrotropin, beta 2-microglobulin levels, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal functional reserve (RFR). Also, Zimnitsky test and ultrasound investigation of the kidneys were made. RESULTS: It was found that renal dysfunction in decompensated HT is characterized by normal renal concentration function, high intraglomerular pressure (low GFR and RFR), high concentration of beta 2-microglobulin in blood. Severe HT runs with negative correlation between GFR and total blood cholesterol, LDL. Albuminuria and low RFR in decompensated HT and marked hyperlipidemia suggest development of glomerulopathy related to abnormal physicochemical processes in glomerular endothelium. CONCLUSION: Patients with decompensated HT have apparant glomerular dysfunction and disturbances in lipid metabolism. Hyperlipidemia in HT is a factor of renal damage.

[Functional renal status in patients with hypothyroidism]. / Funktsional'noe sostoianie pochek u bol'nykh s gipotireozom.

Examination of 29 patients with decompensated hypothyroidism has detected in them abnormal renal concentration, reduction of the glomerular filtration rate, elevation of the intraglomerular pressure. The detected albuminuria, decreased renal functional reserve and hyperlipidemia suggest initiation of hypothyroidism-related glomerulopathy resultant from physicochemical processes in glomerular endothelium.