[SQUALENE: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES].

The review of literature demonstrates that squalene, known to most experts as an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol, has several pharmacological properties including hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity. Squalene is effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 and can potentiate the activity of some antitumor (antiblastoma) preparations and reduce their undesired side effects. This bioactive substance has low toxicity and, in therapeutic doses, does not produce any damaging action on the human organism. A promising source of raw material for the commercial production of squalene is offered by amaranth seed oil.

[PECULIARITIES OF THE MESENTERY MICROCIRCULATORY BED RESPONSE TO ISONIAZID INTOXICATION].

An original technique has been developed for the biomicroscopy of small-intestine mesentery blood vessels in rats. Using this method, specific features of mic- rocirculatory process disturbances caused by isoniazid in high doses have been elucidated for the first time. It is established that intragastric introduction of iso- niazid (single daily dose of 542 mg/kg for 6 days) leads to pronounced disturbances of the microcirculatory process, accompanied by intravascular aggregation of erythrocytes, stasis, destructive changes in vessel walls, diapedesis, and hemorrhage over an area of (1.9-9.9) x 10⁻³ mm².

[Pharmacological correction of the ulcerogenic action of NSAIDs in rats].

Experimental preclinical investigations on a group of 90 white outbred male rats showed that preliminary preventive introduction of procaine (novocaine, 1.07 mg/kg) or taurine (7.14 mg/kg) during 7 days before the administration of ketorolak trometamine significantly reduced the number of erosive-ulcerous lesions (by more than 87%, p < 0.001) and decreased the extent of pathological changes in the morphological structure of stomach mucus membrane.

[Drug-induced liver damage and the problem of its pharmacological correction].

This review summarizes data on the pathogenesis and diagnostics of drug-induced liver damage. Special attention is paid to the role of individual genetically determined characteristics of drug metabolism in the development of this pathology. Results of experimental and clinical studies of the efficacy of hepatoprotectors in the treatment and prevention of the drug-induced hepatotoxicity are generalized.

[The effect of a number of pharmacological preparations on Na-H metabolic activity and on the passive permeability for protons of the sarcolemma of the isolated heart]. / Vliianie riada farmakologicheskikh preparatov na aktivnost' Na--H-obmena i passivnuiu pronitsaemost' sarkolemmy izolirobvannogo serdtsa dlia protonov.

The influence of the local anesthetics hydrocortisone hemisuccinate and peptide drugs (thymogen and dalargin) on Na-H exchange activity and passive proton permeability of the sarcolemma was studied in experiments on isolated rat hearts. It was established that neither local anesthetics or hydrocortisone hemisuccinate, nor peptide drugs affected Na-H exchange activity. Lidocaine (5 mM), procaine (5 mM), hydrocortisone hemisuccinate (500-750 mg/l) inhibited sarcolemmal passive proton permeability by 40-70%. Aetaphone in the micromolar range attenuated the role of these effects in the antiarrhythmic action of local anesthetics and aetaphone.

[The effect of dalargin on the course of experimental cardiac arrhythmias]. / Vliianie dalargina na techenie éksperimental'nykh aritmii serdtsa.

Five models of arrhythmias (aconitine-, calcium chloride- and low-sodium-induced models on rats, coronary artery ligation and reperfusion in dogs) were used to study the antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory effects. The latters were not inferior to those shown by the well-known antiarrhythmics. The mechanisms of the action of dalargin are discussed in the paper.

[Effects of etafon on calcium ion contents in smooth muscle cells of the aorta]. / Vliianie étafona na soderzhanie ionov kal'tsiia v gladkomyshechnykh kletkakh aorty.

Aethaphonium (dialicor) in 5-20 microM concentrations causes the dose dependent Ca decreasing in resting smooth muscle cells of rabbit aorta. In dose of 0.5-2.0 microM dialicor decreases the extent of transient in cytosolic-free calcium induced by application acetylcholine (10 microM) and high extracellular K (119 microM). This effect of dialicor is most expressed in attitude to the myocytes, containing the hyper K medium.